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BIO 111 final exam

Question	Answer
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Porifera?	two tissue layers
Animals that have 3 layers of embryonic tissue and have 1 solid mass of tissue rather than tissues and organs nestled inside a body cavity are:	acoelomate
Animals that have 3 layers of embroyonic tissues but have organs in a cavity that is not completely lined w/ mesoderm are:	pseudocoelomate
Coelomates that develop w/ the blastopore becoming the mouth are:	Protostomes
Of the following organisms which is the most evolutionarily advanced:	round worms
Which of the following are NOT cnidaria?	planaria
which of the following is correct in matching the common name w/ a phylum name?	fluke-Platyhelminthes
In flame cells,	cilia drive fluids through tubules for excretion
The head region of a tapeworm is called the:	scolex
The structure that directs food into the body of a rotifer is called the corona.	true
Sponges have only a celllular level of organization, not tissue level.	true
The adult jellyfish has a polyp body form.	false
Hydras reproduce sexually through production of gametes in ovaries and testes.	true
Flatworms are radially symmetrical.	false
Planaria contain both male/female reproductive structures in each individual.	true
Sponges have a level of organization @ the tissue level.	false
The term "deuterostome" is based on a combination of the greek/latin words for?	second mouth
Which of the following is a deuterostome?	sea star
Which are not among the phylum Mollusca?	lobsters
Scraping organism of a snail is called?	the radula
Which of the following is a bivalve?	oyster
The term "cephalopoda" is based on the greek words for:	head-footed
The term "nephridia" is based on the greek root word for?	kidney
Which phylum do leeches belong to?	annelida
Why does the wound from the bite of a leech bleed produsely?	Leech saliva contains a strong anticoagulant
Most animal species are in which phylum?	Arthropoda
The term "uniramous" is based on what greek words?	one branch
The major insect body parts are?	head, thorax and abdomen
The horseshoe crab Limulus is a?	Chelicerate
All of the following are protostomes except:	echinoderms
Which is NOT a Mollusk?	echinoderms
The term based on the greek words for "spiny skinned" is:	echinoderm
The only difference b/w spiders and insects is the number of legs.	false
Insects use the Malpighian tubules to remove nitrogenous wastes.	true
Sea cucumbers are marine mollusks w/out a shell.	false
Some echinoderms are sessile, attached to a solid surface as adults.	true
Vertebrates w/out jaws would be:	lampreys
Which phylum contains vertebrates?	chordates
A notochord is:	a stiff dorsal supporting rod
Three defining characteristics of chordates are:	gill arches or pharyngeal pouches/dorsal hollow nerve chord/notochord
In vertabrates, the _______ is usually replaced by a _______?	notochord, a vertebral column
Which one is not a characteristic of the vertabrates?	radial symmetry
In schooling, fish rely on sensitivity to vibration and water currents from the cells located inside:	lateral line
The fish group that is closest to ancestral amphibians, according to mitochondrial DNA analysis are?	lung fishes
The term "amphibians" is based on the greek words meaning?	living in two environment, land and water
Amphibians common receptacle for the urinary, genital and digestive canal?	cloaca
Characteristics of birds include all except:	3 chamber heart
The breathing system in birds:	is a one-way circulation of air so constant oxygen absorption can meet the high oxygen demand
Which is NOT a characteristic associated w/ flight requirements in birds?	feet w/ claws
Mammals are different from birds in all the following characteristics except:	constant body temp
The duckbill platypus is an exception to many mammals b/c it:	doesn't give birth but lays eggs
Which is NOT an amphibian?	therapsids
All chordates are also vertabrates.	false
The most successful mammals belong to the group marsupials.	false
Which of the following is NOT an anthropoid?	lemur
All of the following are characteristics of primates except:	rapid postnatal maturation
The group thought to be ancestral of apes and human?	proconsul
The fossil called Lucy is a member of the _________ species.	Australopithecus afarensis
When different body parts evolve at different rates it is called?	mosaic evolution
All hominoids walk upright.	false
Old world monkeys have a prehensile tail and flattened nose.	false
Neandethals had a larger average brain capacity than modern humans.	true
What are the products of photosynthesis	Oxygen and carbohydrates
What organisms are capable of photosynthesis	Plants, Algae, and some bacteria
Which of these are not a major photosynthetic pigment in plants	Chlorophyll c
Why are plants green	They reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb blue and red light
Photorespiration occurs mainly in	C3 plants
To what does the term stroma refer	The central fluid filled space of the chloroplast
To what does the term grana refer	A stack of thlakoid membrane structures
Which is most closely associated with the Calvin Cycle	Carbon Dioxide fixation
______ is a product of the Calvin Cycle that is used to from glucose phosphate, amino acids or to fatty acids	G3P ( glycealdehyde-3- phosphate)
The major enzyme that “fixes” carbon dioxide is called	Ribulose biphosphate caboxylase ( rubisco)
The function of sunlight in photosynthesis is to	Excite electrons in chlorophyll
Which would be a CAM plant	Cactus
G3P is used by plants for all of the following except the formation of	Oxygen
While C4 plants have carbon dioxide fixation and carbon dioxide uptake separated by location within the plant. CAM plants	have these processes separated by time
The light dependant reactions of photosynthesis occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts?	False
Phosphoenylpyruvate carboxylase (Pepcase) fixes carbon dioxide to PEP (C3) to form oxaloacetate (C4) within mesophyll calls of the C4 plants.	True
Which of these processes occur in the cytosol	Glycolysis
Complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in ___ ATP molecules	36
The preparatory reaction breaks	Pyruvates into acetyl-Coa and carbon dioxide
The first reaction in the citric acid cycle is binding	Acetyl-Coa into a C4 molecule
Aerobic cellular respiration yields about ____ of the energy of glucose in ATP molecules	39%
The first phase of aerobically cellular respiration is	Glycolysis
Which process produces both NADH and FADH2	Citric acid cycle
Which process produces both alcohol and lactate	Fermentation
The product of glcolysis ____ is degraded in the final stages of aerobic pathways	Pyruvate
The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis produces _____ ATP from each NADH and/or ____ ATP from each FADH2 entering the system	3:2
Acetyl-Coa is produced from	pyruvate and a coenzyme
For fatty acids to enter the citric acid cycle of aerobic respiration, the fatty acids must be	Converted to acetyl groups
The amino acids we cannot synthesize are called_____ because we ____	Essential: must include them in our diet
The membrane protein (enzyme) that transforms ADP + P à ATP as H+ flows down a gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix is	ATP Synthase
Glycolysis occurs before the preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycle.	True
Glycolysis is an aerobic process.	False
Glycolysis is a catabolic process.	True
Fermentation is the process that produces bubbles of CO2 that make bread dough rise.	True
Cancer cells require many nutrients , which are supplied by blood vessels . The growth of new blood vessels to cancerous tissue is called?	Angiogenesis
If a parent cell has 48 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis and cytokinesis occurs?	48
In the life cycle of animals, _____ have the haploid number of chromosomes?	Sperm and egg cells
The diploid (2n) number of chromosomes for humans is	46
Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle	G1, S, G2, M
During which stage of the cell cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most significant	G1 phase
Which stage is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again, such as a muscle of nerve cell?	G0 phase
What occurs in anaphase?	Chromosomes move to opposite poles
Which of the following is NOT true about cancer cells?	They exhibit contact inhibition
The event that signals that the start of anaphase is?	Division of centormeres to separate sister chromatids
Contact inhibition stops normal cells from dividing when they come into contact with neighboring cells but this is not functional in cancer cells.	True
Generally brain and nerve cells are not able to regenerate after injury because they have left the cell cycle and are unable to return.	False
Viruses and chemical exposures can cause mutations in proto-oncogenes which can lead to cancer.	True
Organisms produced as a result of mitosis exhibit a great deal of variation.	False
Which of the following steps would not lead to variation of genetic material?	Crossing over of sister chromatids
The cell formed through the fertilization of an egg by a sperm is called an?	Zygote
If a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes , it comes from an animal that has ____ chromosomes?	16
Another name for tetrad is an?	Bivalent
During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?	Prophase I of meiosis I
What is the importance of crossing over?	It increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material
The overall function of meiosis includes all of the following except?	Growth of the overall individual
During which stage of meiosis are the bivalents arranged along the equator?	Metaphase I
At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid?	Anaphase II
During which stage of meiosis does homologus separation occur	Anaphase I
Interkinesis is different from interphase in what way?	Interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not
The polar body is?	A nonfunctional cell rudiment found at the same time as an egg cell
Why do polar bodies form?	They allow reduction in chromosomes while preserving all the food for one egg
In human females, when is meiosis completed?	Immediately after the sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte
Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur?	Testes
All of the following are true concerning Downs Syndrome except?	Chances of a woman having a child with downs syndrome decrease with her age
The correct number of chromosomes in a species is known as aneuploidy.	False
Monosomy occurs when a individual has only one of a particular type of chromosome.	True
Which of the following organelles would be found within a cell that was both eukaryotic and autotrophic?	Chloroplast
After being formed by the ribosomes located on the endoplasmic reticulum, what is the next organelle to which a protein could be transported?	Golgi apparatus
Which is NOT true about cell theory?	It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously
A high powered microscope that produces an image from scattered secondary electrons is the…	Scanning Electron Microscope
Which statement is NOT true about bacterial anatomy?	The glycocalyx sheath is located inside the cell wall
Which is NOT true of Eukaryotic cells?	They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells
Cells that do not produce cell walls are…	Animal cells
Which of the following is NOT offered as evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory?	mitochondria and chloroplasts can actively break away from eukaryotic cells and live on their own
A eukaryotic organelle that can best be seen with the light microscope is the…	nucleus
Which statement is true about ribosomes?	ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus
Which of these is NOT part of the endomembrane system of the cell?	mitochondria
Lysosomes are produced by the…	golgi apparatus
Membrane bound vesicles that contain enzymes for oxidizing small organic molecules with the formation of hydrogen peroxide are…	peroxisomes
Large membranous sacs that are more prevalent in pant cells and some protozoa than in animal cells are called…	vacuoles
Which is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria?	mitochondria are found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are characterized by all of the following except…	mitochondria
Without a cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cells would not…	have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another
All of the following are parts of plant cells except…	centrioles
Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles?	golgi apparatus
The plant cell’s central vacuole…	all choices correct
Of the following, which is not associated with the mitochondria?	stroma
The major functions of the plasma membrane do NOT include…	production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall
The current theory of the structure of the plasma membrane is best described by the…	fluid mosaic model
In a phospholipid bilayer, the…	phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell and towards the cytoplasm
Which is the best definition of diffusion?	a movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration
Which is the best definition of osmosis?	movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Plants show turgor pressure when…	cell walls contain vacuoles that are full of water
_____ is a shrinking of the cytoplasm due to osmosis.	plasmolysis
Which is the best definition of active transport?	movement of a substance against its concentration gradient through the release of energy from ATP
The sodium potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane by…	active transport
Cell products are secreted from the cell through…	exocytosis
Pinocytosis is an example of…	endocytosis
Which of the following is NOT associated with animal cells?	plasmodesmata
Which of the following protein functions is not correctly associated with its correct integral protein?	Channel proteins == block the activity of carrier proteins
Active transport…	requires an input of ATP
If phagocytosis can be compared to cellular eating, then pinocytosis can be compared to…	cellular drinking
Receptor mediated endocytosis involves the use of specific proteins in the cell membrane	True
Plant cells will usually burst if an abundance of water has moved into the cell	False
Lipid soluble molecules are able to diffuse into a cell more rapidly than water soluble molecules	True
All cells contain the same kinds of proteins in the same relative locations	False
Crenation of red blood cells results when the red blood cells lose water into a fluid environment that contains more solutes than the cell	True
Cells placed in an isotonic environment will die as they swell and burst	False
Carrier proteins are necessary for active transport to occur	True
The process by which a white blood cell or an amoeba engulfs bacteria is called phagocytosis	True
An extracellular matrix helps some cells adhere to neighboring cells	True
An isotonic solution has a solute concentration that is the same as that found inside the cell	True
Which form of energy is NOT correctly associated with an example?	Kinetic Energy // Fat molecules
Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics?	Energy is not created or destroyed but it can change from one energy form to another
Which best describes the second law of thermodynamics?	Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs
All of the biochemical pathways in a cell constitute…	metabolism
Coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is…	used to drive an endergonic reaction
The subunits from which ATP is made are…	ADP and phosphate
ATP is considered to be…	a molecule that carries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bond
Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes…	they lower the energy of activation of a reaction by binding the substrate
An enzyme is generally named by assigning…	“ase” to the end of the name of the substrate
Which describes the currently accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together?	as the substrate bonds to the enzyme, the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction
Which organelles contain functioning ATP synthetase couplers in their membranes?	mitochondria and chloroplasts
What establishes the electrochemical gradient across a membrane to produce energy for ATP production?	Hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane by carrier proteins
ATP…	supplies energy for metabolism
If a reaction results in one molecule losing an electron and a second molecule gaining an electron, the electron donor is said to be…	oxidized
Potential energy is best described as the	Stored energy that is available to do work
All organisms produce heat during their metabolic processes	True
All energy used to allow a cell to function can ultimately be traced back to an origin in the external environment	True
The ultimate source of nearly all of the energy used to support life is sunlight	True
Vitamins are required for the action of every enzyme in a cell	False
Activation of an enzyme can be due to phosphorylation	True
The cells that line the respiratory tract and one celled paramecium both have short, hair like projections called…	cilia

Created by: b_eautiful19

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