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Membrane Structur
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The process of secretion in which an intracellular vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane so that the vesicles's contents are released outside the cell is called what? | Exocytosis |
| What is the source of the vesicles used for exocytosis? | Golgi body |
| What is an example of regulated secretion? | The pancreatic cells releasing insulin in response to a rise in blood sugar |
| Exocytosis or endocytosis: which involves the inward pinching of the plasma membrane to form a vesicle? | Endocytosis |
| The transportation of small substances in extracellular fluid into the cell by the formation of a vesicle by the plasma membrane is a type of endocytosis called ________ | Pinocytosis |
| What makes receptor-mediated endocytosis different than the general process of pinocytosis? | Pinocytosis is less selective |
| Vesicles that enclose macromolecules during exocytosis are composed of: | Phospholipids bilayers |
| What is needed to complete active transport of molecules? | Energy, carrier protein, plasma membrane |
| In order to move molecules, active transport requires ________ to be spent | energy |
| What are the primary components of the extracellular matrix? | Polysaccharides and proteins |
| What is an example of active transport? | Glucose is absorbed in the gut, going from lower to a higher concentration gradient. |
| What structure forms the sodium-potassium pump? | A carrier protein |
| The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium ions to the outside of the cell and potassium ions to the inside the cell. Both ions are moved from a lower to a higher concentration. This type of transport is called ________transport. | active |
| What is the steroid molecule that is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane which helps to normalize membrane fluidity called? | Cholesterol |
| What are the molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions called? | Amphipathic |
| What role do proteoglycans play during development? | They guide cell migration |
| Which type of molecule assists cell signaling by regulating the movement of molecules through the CM to the plasma membrane? | Proteoglycan |
| What is the bursting or disruption of the cells membrane called? | Cytolysis |
| What is the adhesive protein in the extracellular matrix that binds to integrin called? | Fibronectin |
| What functions do integrins serve in the extracellular matrix? | Cell-to-cell signaling |
| In animal cells, the shriveling of the cell due to water leaving the cell when the environment is hypertonic is called: | Crenation |
| The process of copying the genes DNA into RNA | Transcription |
| The process of using RNA to synthesize protein | Translation |
| What is the central dogma of biology? | DNA is transcribed into MRNA then translated to protein |
| where does transcription and processing of the newly made mRNA occurs? | In the Nucleus of the cell |
| This is the RNA copy of DNA that contain the instructions to make a protein: | messenger RNA (mRNA) |
| This is the RNA molecule responsible for delivering amino acids to the ribosome. | transfer RNA (tRNA) |
| What is the process of photosynthesis? | It allows plants to capture the energy from sunlight and use that energy yo convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose |
| Where does photosynthesis in plants takes place? | In the Chloroplasts |
| What is the dense fluid within the chloroplasts called? | Stroma |
| These are an elaborate system of interconnected membrane sacs: | Thylakoids |
| What provides a common and universal energy currency because it can be used in many different types of reactions? | ATP |
| Describe the ATP cycle | In cells, ATP carries energy between exergonic reacions and endergonic reactions. When a phosphate group is removed by hydrolysis, ATP releases the appropriate amount of energy for most metabolic reactions. |
| Exergonic reaction: | -The hydrolysis of ATP release previously stored energy allowing the change in free energy to do work and drive other processes -Has negative delta G |
| Endergonic Reaction: | -Creation of ATP from ADP and P requires input of energy from other sources. -Has a positive delta G |
| Explain why ATP is an effective short-term energy storage molecule | ATP holds energy but gives it up because it is unstable and the last phosphate group can be easily removed, releasing energy |
Created by:
Jseverin03
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