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Princ of Drug action
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define "drug" | A substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease. |
| Define Drug Effect | How drugs produce changes within the body |
| State the main effects of drugs on the body. | affects speed of processes in the body, Destroying certain cells or parts of cells, Replacing substances that the body lacks or fails to produce |
| Differentiate between a local effect and a systemic effect | Local effect: Response to a medication that is confined to a specific part of the body. Systemic effect: Generalized or widespread response to a drug by the body because it is absorbed into the bloodstream |
| Cumulation | the drug is not completely excreted from the body before another dose. accumulation of the drug in tissues, causing toxic effects |
| Idiosyncracy | An unusual, inappropriate response to a drug or to the usual effective dose of a drug ( eg. Anaphylactic shock) |
| Potentiation | Occurs when two drugs administered together produce a more powerful response than the sum of their individual effects |
| Tolerance | Resistance to effect of a drug resulting in a higher dose being administered. |
| Bioavailability | portion of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation |
| State the routes of administration | oral, buccal, rectal, vaginal, topical, intravenous, inhalation, transdermal and parenteral (Intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous) |
| State the advantages and disadvantages of oral administration. | Advantage: Easiest and safest method, Most economical method Disadvantage: Slow method of absorption, Possibility of being destroyed by gastric juices |
| tate the advantages and disadvantages of buccal administration | Advantage: More rapid absorption rate than oral, Higher concentration of medication reaches bloodstream Disadvantage: Possibility of swallowing the pill |
| te the advantages and disadvantages of inhalation administration | Advantage: Good absorption due to large surface contact area, Provides rapid treatment Disadvantage: Sometimes difficult to regulate dose, Not suitable method for medications that irritate mucous membrane lining |
| te the advantages and disadvantages of rectal administration | Advantages: for patients who have trouble swallowing the mediation and prevents reactions such as vomiting and nausea, suitable for infants for fever or pain meds Disadvantage: absorption is slow and irregular |
| te the advantages and disadvantages of vaginal administration | Advantage: easiest method for treating infections in the vaginal area. Disadvantage: Medications can stain underwear |
| te the advantages and disadvantages of topical administration | Advantage: easy and convenient to treat in that area Disadvantage: slow absorption through skin |
| te the advantages and disadvantages of transdermal administration | Advantage: Good method for administering medications slowly into bloodstream over a period of time Disadvantage: Units can be dangerous if they come in contact with skin of children or pets |
| Define the Parenteral method of drug administration | Injection of liquid medication in to the body using a needle and syringe. |
| State the four methods of parenteral drug administration | subcutaneous, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular |
| Define the intravenous drug administration and needle angle. | IV- injected directly into the vein, entering the bloodstream immediately providing a rapid response. NA: 25 |
| efine the intradermal drug administration and needle angle. | Small amount of medication is injected just beneath epidermis. NA: 10-15 |
| efine the intramuscular drug administration and needle angle. | injected directly into muscle. NA: 90 |
| efine the subcutaneous drug administration and needle angle. | injected into subcutaneous layer, or fatty tissue of skin. NA: 45 |
| Subcutaneous injections are used to administer what medications? | insulin, hormones, and local anesthetics |
| uIntramuscular injections are used to administer what medications? | antibiotics, medications that might be irritating to layers of the skin, and medications that require dosages larger than amount allowed for subcutaneous injections |
| Intradermal injections are used to administer what medications? | allergy testing, tuberculin skin testing, and some vaccinations |
| State the four types of receptors | Agonist (ligand)‐gated ion channels, protein coupled receptors, Nuclear receptors, Kinase linked receptors |
Created by:
Naomi20
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