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Unit 4 Vocab

Layers of the Earth and Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
continental crust thicker, less dense, older crust making the continents
oceanic crust mantle thinner, more dense, younger crust making ocean floor
lithosphere A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
asthenosphere The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats
mantle The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.
mesoshpere the strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core.
outer core A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth
inner core A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth
convection current a current caused by the rising of heated fluid and sinking of cooled fluid; results in the movement of lithospheric plates
lithospheric plates the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance (How tightly something is packed together)
convergent boundary A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other
divergent boundary A plate boundary where two plates move apart, resulting in upwelling of material from the mantle to create new seafloor.
mid-ocean ridge An underwater mountain chain where new ocean floor is formed
transform boundary A plate boundary where plates slide past each other
subduction zone the process by which one lithospheric plate moves beneath another as a result of tectonic forces
plate tectonics A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move.
fault A crack in Earth's crust along which movement has occurred.
continental drift The hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations
Pangea A supercontinent containing all of Earth's land that existed about 225 million years ago.
Created by: MS. H2Os
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