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Volcano vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sheild Volcano | type of volcano usually composed almost entirely of fluid lava flows. |
| Composite Volcano | a conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava and tephra. |
| Cinder cone Volcano | a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic clinkers, volcanic ash, or cinder that has been built around a volcanic vent. |
| Lava Dome Volcano | a circular mound-shaped protrusion rean opening exposed on the earth's surface where volcanic material is emitted. |
| Secondary Vent | an opening exposed on the earth's surface where volcanic material is emitted. ... The volcano's cone-shaped structure, or edifice, is built by the more-or-less symmetrical accumulation of lava and/or pyroclastic material around this central vent system. |
| Magma | hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling. |
| Lava | hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this. |
| Island Arc | a curved chain of volcanic islands located at a tectonic plate margin, typically with a deep ocean trench on the convex side. |
| Hot Spot | area on Earth over a mantle plume or an area under the rocky outer layer of Earth, called the crust, where magma is hotter than surrounding magma. |
| Magma Camber | large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth. |
| Volcanic Pipe | subterranean geological structures formed by the violent, supersonic eruption of deep-origin volcanoes. They are considered to be a type of diatreme. |
| Main Vent | channel through which magma travels to reach the Earth's surface. |
| Crater | a bowl-shaped depression, or hollowed-out area, produced by the impact of a meteorite, volcanic activity, or an explosion. |
| Pyroclastic Flow | a dense, fast-moving flow of solidified lava pieces, volcanic ash, and hot gases. It occurs as part of certain volcanic eruptions. |
| Caldera | a large volcanic crater, especially one formed by a major eruption leading to the collapse of the mouth of the volcano. |
| Volcanic Neck | a volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano. |
| Igneous Intrusion | a body of intrusive igneous rock that forms by crystallization of magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth. |
| Dike | a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body. |
| Sill | a tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. |
| Volcanic Ash | a mixture of rock, mineral, and glass particles expelled from a volcano during a volcanic eruption. |
| Volcanic Bomb | a mass of molten rock larger than 64 mm in diameter, formed when a volcano ejects viscous fragments of lava during an eruption. |
| Dormant Volcano | an active volcano that is not erupting, but supposed to erupt again. |
| Extinct Volcano | has not had an eruption for at least 10,000 years and is not expected to erupt again in a comparable time scale of the future. |
Created by:
savanhah