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Anatomy -Nightingale

Midterm Physiology cards

Question	Answer
The chest is ________ to the abdomen.	superior
An example of a tissue in the body is	epithelium.
A coronal section through the human body can	pass through both ears.
The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into the _____ cavities.	abdominal and pelvic
The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and a vertebral cavity	true
The ________ system is involved in immunity.	lymphatic
Regarding directional terms, superior means	toward the head.
Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant?	gallbladder
As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to	the infero-medial aspect of the back.
The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are	axial and appendicular.
The sternal region is ________ to the scapular region.	anterior
Anatomy is defined as the study of the _____ of a living organism.	structure
Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity?	spinal cord
Another name for the midsagittal plane is	median
Muscles are ________ to the skin.	deep
The brain is ________ to the skull.	deep
The space that encloses the brain and spinal cord forms one continuous cavity called the _____ cavity.	dorsal
The inguinal region lies	where the thigh joins the trunk.
All of the following are characteristics of human life except	synthesis by scientists.
The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the _____ plane.	coronal
A frontal plane is the same as a ________ plane	coronal
Physiology is defined as the study of the _____ of a living organism	Function
The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are	axial and appendicular.
The gluteal region is ________ to the popliteal region.	superior
Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages?	developmental anatomy
_____ refers to an inner region of an organ, whereas _____ refers to an outer region or layer of an organ.	Medullary; cortical
Acids:	are proton donors. taste sour. release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. Correct! All of the above are true of acids.
The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction?	Decomposition
An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element.	neutrons
Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body?	Zinc
A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution.	alkaline (basic)
The kind of element is determined by the number of:	protons.
The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are):	water.
An example of an element would be:	Ne.
As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the:	solution becomes more acidic.
Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water?	50%
The approximate pH of gastric fluid is:	2.
A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons.	12; 13; 10
Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is:	two.
The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction.	synthesis
An ionic bond is formed by:	a positive and a negative ion attracting each other.
The study of metabolism includes examination of:	catabolism. anabolism. ATP requirements. Correct! all of the above.
Which of the following represents properties of water?	High specific heat High heat of vaporization Strong polarity Correct! All of the above
In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will:	turn blue.
The study of metabolism includes examination of:	catabolism. anabolism. ATP requirements. Correct answer is all of the above.
The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of:	one proton and two neutrons.
AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction.	exchange
An example of a catabolic process is:	hydrolysis.
The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell?	Four
A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n):	electron.
Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element?	Helium
Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called:	bases.
The octet rule refers to the:	stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level.
An example of a catabolic process is:	hydrolysis.
Atomic mass is determined by the number of:	protons and neutrons.
Which of the following represents a trace element in the body?	Iron
Which of the following bonds are the weakest?	Hydrogen
When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share	electrons.
The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called:	dehydration synthesis.
In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule:	faces the exterior of the cell. faces the interior of the cell. is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer. Correct! both A and B.
Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function?	Cell division
The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called:	microvilli.
Which of the following is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?	It makes lipids and carbohydrates.
The fundamental organizational unit of life is the:	cell
The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a:	female sex cell or ovum.
The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the:	glycoprotein molecules.
The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called:	microvilli.
Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by:	desmosomes.
Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus?	Lysosomes
A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read:	microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments.
Main cell structures include all of the following except:	interstitial fluid.
The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the:	lysosome.
The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center.	centrosome
Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called:	cilia.
ATP production occurs within which organelle?	Mitochondrion
The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily?	Cholesterol
Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called:	caveolae.
Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells?	Immune cells
The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as:	plasma membrane.
Which of the following does not describe a structure or function of the proteasome?	Breaking down abnormal and misfolded proteins released from the ER Looks like a hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits Requires the small protein called ubiquitin to pull proteins in Correct! All of the above are structures or funct
The nucleolus is composed chiefly of:	rRNA.
Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins	Acting as receptors Signal transduction Identification of “self” Correct! All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins.
Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules. What is their function?	All of these are functions of rafts
Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell?	Proteasomes
Granules or threads within the nucleus are called:	chromatin.
The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are	ribosomes. lysosomes. peroxisomes. Correct! both B and C.
The nucleolus is composed chiefly of:	rRNA.
Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins?	All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins.
Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules. What is their function?	All of these are functions of rafts
Granules or threads within the nucleus are called:	chromatin.
The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are:	ribosomes. lysosomes. peroxisomes. Correct! both B and C.
The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae?	Mitochondrion
Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow?	Primary cilium
The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the:	phospholipid bilayer.
DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle?	Nucleus
Which of the following is not true about ribosomes?	Surrounded by a membrane structure
Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?”	Microfilament
Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?	Provides a site for ribosome attachment
The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the:	peroxisomes.
Around the sixth month of pregnancy, the developing fetus is almost entirely covered by a fine soft hair coat called the	lanugo.
Which of the following is an example of a serous membrane?	All of these are examples of a serous membrane
Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?	stratum corneum
The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer.	reticular
The tip of the nose and the external ear are composed of	elastic cartilage.
The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the __________ glands.	sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous
Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?	cardiac
Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules?	simple cuboidal epithelium
The union of basal and fibroreticular laminae forms the	basement membrane.
The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is	fibrocartilage.
The structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body is the	hypodermis
Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the	epidermis
The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called	extracellular matrix.
A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called	mucus.
The two major categories of body membranes are	epithelial and connective
Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the	arrector pili muscle
The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the	neuron.
Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a	matrix.
Adipose tissue is	a storage tissue.
Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities?	epithelial
Which of the following tissues lacks a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly?	cartilage
The _____ junction “glues” the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis.	dermoepidermal
Which of the following contains intercalated disks?	cardiac muscle
The basic determinant of skin color is	melanin.
The mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the	cerumen.
All glands in the body can be classified as either	exocrine or endocrine.
The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is	connective.
Which of the following is not a primary germ layer?	epiderm
Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue?	cardiac
The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and	epidermis
If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with a subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a	female.
Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called	osteons
Which two bones join to form the posterior part of the hard palate?	palatine
Which of the following is not a type of bone?	regular
Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?	femur
What structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched positions?	ligaments and tendons
Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal?	fontanels
Which of the following is a facial bone?	zygomatic bone
Why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as floating ribs?	Floating ribs do not attach even indirectly to the sternum.
The most common type of cartilage is	hyaline.
The very small bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone is the	lacrimal.
The vertebral bones that support the small (lower section) of the back are the	lumbar vertebrae.
Which of the following bones form the framework of the hand?	metacarpals
Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist?	carpals
The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the	pubic symphysis.
Anteriorly, each rib of the first seven pairs attaches to the	sternum.
Which bone serves as the keystone in the architecture of the cranium?	sphenoid
Fibrocartilage can be found in the	symphysis pubis.
Which of the following is not a bone in the leg?	mandible
The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the	sternum.
Which of the following is a bone in the axial skeleton	vertebra
Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand, the _____ metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones.	thumb
The extracellular components of bone matrix are	hard and calcified.
Cartilage is classified as _____ tissue.	connective
Which lower leg bone is smaller and is located laterally?	fibula
Which of the following is not a bone in the skull	clavicle
Which two bones compose the shoulder girdle	clavicle and scapula
Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called	myeloid tissue.
Which of these pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed?	pubis
The main shaft-like portion of a long bone is the	diaphysis.

Created by: Chellesgift

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