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Dentistry
Review from Quizzes: Dental Radiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The DVM has just diagnosed a slab fracture on a carnassial tooth of a 7-year-old Rottweiler. What additional history questions could be asked related to the dog's Oral Health? | Dogs chewing hx? (treats, objects) or have they had any previous dental procedure performed if so when? Does the dog exhibit any behaviors of discomfort (dropping food out of mouth or vocalizing when face/mouth is touched. Blood in water or on toys? |
| Within the oral cavity, the inside part of the tooth in the maxilla is referred to as_____________, while the inside part of the tooth in the mandible is_____________. | palatal; lingual |
| What is the space between the marginal gingival tissue and the tooth itself? (normally <1 mm in cats and <3 mm in dogs). | gingival sulcus |
| Which teeth are carnassial teeth? | upper P4s and lower M1s. 108, 208, 309, and 409 |
| The shape of a Greyhound skull is termed: | Dolichocephalic |
| Under Washington state law, a licensed veterinary technician may perform a dental cleaning only under ____________supervision and an unregistered assistant my perform a dental cleaning only under ______________ supervision. | direct; immediate |
| Proper PPE when performing a dental cleaning is: | surgical mask, eye protection, lab coat/surgical gown, and gloves |
| An instrument with a sharp point, but hook is rounded and is used for evaluating enamel health is called: | explorer |
| True or false: When working with dental hand instruments, the instrument movement should always be caused by the fingers. | False |
| If a tooth has 1/2 of the tooth surface covered by calculus, the calculus index is: | CI 2 |
| The normal gingival sulcus depth for an average size dog is: | 3 mm or less |
| Then dental hand instrument that is used on both the crown and under the gingiva to clean the tooth is called a: | curette |
| How many locations should the vet tech probe on each tooth to evaluate for gingival pockets? | 4-6 |
| When using a hand scaler, the technician should: | start at the gingival margin and pull toward the crown. |
| When performing an oral exam on an anesthetized dog or cat, the technician should (3): | Evaluate head and face for symmetry. Evaluate the gingiva and each tooth individually. Evaluate the cheeks, tongue, and under the tongue. |
| List two reasons it is important to chart the oral exam. | It is a legal document, allows for referral in future to gauge dental treatment effect, it allows sharing w/ client which engages them and reinforces importance of scheduling dental cleanings. May even be impressed with how much goes into procedure. |
| Name two possible diseases that may be transferred by dental instruments that have not been sterilized. | Herpes virus and resistant bacteria that could lead to infection. Rabies virus. |
| Dental hand instruments should be sharpened: | after sterilization |
| When scaling teeth with an ultrasonic scaler, the instrument needs to be moved such that: | No more than 10-15 seconds per specific area of tooth. |
| Maintenance of the Dental Unit for powered instruments requires: | Purge air trap daily and water trap weekly. |
| The purpose of polishing the teeth after scaling is: | Removes etching in micro-calculus where plaque can form. Removes stains from teeth. Removes plaque not removed by scaling process. |
| When polishing teeth with a prophy cup: | The cup should remain on the same dental location for no more than 5 seconds. (3-5 seconds) |
| What are three possible consequences of pain in a dental patient? | Behavioral changes. Inappetance. Prolonged healing. |
| Hypothermia during anesthesia can increase risk for: | prolonged anesthetic recovery |
| True or false: appropriate PPE during ultrasonic scaling includes: gloves, eye protection, respiratory protection, surgical cap, and lab coat over scrubs. | True |
| True or false: it is not necessary to chart anesthesia during dental procedures because dental procedures are minimally invasive and anesthesia is light. | False |
| List two reasons (risk factors) why veterinary dental procedures may cause Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in veterinary staff. | Repetitive motion. Poor lighting/magnification and non-ergonomic workspace for dental cleaning. |
| List five steps in the Dental "Prophy" Procedure (not required to be in order). | Whole patient PE/Hx. Dental Radiographs. Preanesthetic blood work. Evaluation of head symmetry, soft tissue, jaw, under tongue. Oral exam. Thorough dental cleaning and charting. Client Education/Prevention. |
| List two things that can be done to decrease the risk of hypothermia in the veterinary dental patient. | Keep them warm and dry. Blanket over them. Keep them off stainless steel. Baer hugger. IV line warmers or use prewarmed IV fluids. |
| What is a regional nerve block? | A local anesthetic is injected into an area of interest to numb it. It should only be used for ancillary purposes in surgical procedures. Other analgesia will be necessary. They take a while to be effective but can last several hours. |
| A cat has been diagnosed with FORL (Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesion). The cause of this condition is: | Unknown |
| A cat is diagnosed with stomatitis. The next step for the veterinary team will be to: | test for FeLV/FIV |
| The cause of yellow discolored teeth in a dog is: | Tetracycline treatment as a puppy |
| True or false: Acanthomatous epulis is a benign oral tumor that can destroy bone. | True |
| There are five steps to the development of Periodontal Disease. List them in order of occurrence. | Pellicle develops. Plague develops. Calculus develops. Gingivitis develops. Periodontitis develops. |
| How does a veterinary technician tell the difference between reparative dentin and caries in a lesion on a tooth? | An explorer can be used to test the site. If the explorer sticks (soften area), it is most likely caries. If the explore slides away/doesn't stick, the site is hardened. It is most likely reparative dentin. Radiographs should be taken. |
| Name two possible causes of enamel hypoplasia. | Trauma in early development. Infections like Distemper. |
| Name three possible complications of Supernumerary Teeth. | Malocclusion (pain and oral/palatal fistulas). Increased risk of gingivitis and periodontitis. Damage to permanent teeth or permanent teeth prevented from erupting. |
| Describe the difference between dental prophylaxis and periodontal therapy. | Dental prophylaxis: a preventative treatment. Calculus and tartar could be present but no gingivitis or periodontitis. Periodontal therapy: a treatment for an oral disease like gingivitis or periodontitis. |
| List three possible clinical signs of skull or jaw fractures. | Patient can't or won't close their mouth. Jaw misalignment or anorexia. Epistaxis or bleeding from the oral cavity. |
| List three possible clinical signs of the pain associated with FORL (Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesion). | Teeth chatter. Anorexia or dropping food out of the mouth. Cats will often have an accumulation of food around their bowl. Hypersalivation. |
| What are two ways the equine dental anatomy has uniquely evolved to their diet? | Wolf and Canine teeth less common and mandible narrower than the maxilla. Hypsodontal dentition. |
| Name three clinical signs a horse with dental disease might exhibit. | Purulent discharge from nostrils. Quidding. Performance changes. |
| Define the term "floating." | Filing of the teeth for better grinding of food, to correct teeth that are causing oral injury. Leveling of points, ramps, or hooks. |
| Define the term "points." | Irregular wear of the premolar and molars. A sharp point that can damage the cheeks and tongue. Usually on the lateral or medial surface. |
| True or false: "Wolf teeth" are always present in every horse and must be removed at birth. | False |
| True or false: young horses have deciduous teeth that may retain and are referred to as "caps." | True |
| True or false: the majority of horses require sedation for a full oral exam. | True |
| Irregular occlusal surface usually centering around the 4th premolar and 1st molar. | wave mouth |
| One tooth in an arcade extends beyond the occlusal surface. | step mouth |
| Most of the grinding surface is worn away. | smooth mouth |
| Acute slope to grinding surface caused by malocclusion and narrow mandible. | shear mouth |
| A good dental radiograph includes all the root of the target tooth and: | 2 mm margin of alveolar bone |
| True or false: tooth evaluation with a rotary anode machine/skull technique is as good as dental films/dental x-ray machine. | False |
| True or false: dental films can be exposed to white light during processing without problems. | False |
| True or false: the film/sensor must always lie parallel to the target tooth to achieve a good dental image. | False |
| The dental film "dot" should be positioned: | rostral |
| Of the three dental film sizes, "0," "2," or "4," which is the largest? | 4 |
| In dental radiography, what is a "pulse?" | 1/60 or 0.016 of a second |
| What does the acronym "PID" stand for? | Position Indicating Device |
| What is the "Bisecting Angle" Technique (i.e. how is it determined) for x-ray beam positioning. | Halving angle between cassette and long axis of the tooth; the PID head is placed parallel to this angle (or x-ray beam is placed perpendicular to this angle). |
| Why is the dental x-ray beam not always placed perpendicular to the film for dental imaging? | The anatomy of the mouth does not always allow for this type of positioning. Roots of teeth are angled within the mouth. It is not usually possible to get simple parallel views of maxillary teeth & mandibular incisors and canines. |
| List two reasons that dental radiographs are needed in addition to dental exam/charting. | Crown of tooth may look healthy & normal. Health of structures below gum line more important to health & longevity of tooth. To access alveolar bone health (whether there is evidence of loss & possible abscess) & to evaluate periodontal ligament health. |
| List two situations in which the veterinary team would know the need for imaging a specific tooth in indicated. | A tooth appears to be missing but confirmation is needed. After a tooth extraction to confirm that all of the tooth/root was successfully removed. |
| Tooth brushing is known to be the single most effective means of removing plaque. | True |
| True or false: Tartar (calculus) can be removed by oral chews, dry kibble, or engineered toys. | False. Only plaque can be removed by these methods. Calculus requires professional scaling/polishing for removal. |
| True or false: because it takes 10 days for tartar/calculus to form, brushing teeth once weekly is effective. | False. Tartar forms within 2-3 days |
| True or false: it is the mechanical action of the tooth brushing that removes the plaque, not the use of tooth paste. | True |
| The tooth brush should be held at what angle in relation to the surface of the tooth? | 45 degree |
| When brushing pet teeth, to clean both teeth and gums, which motion should be used? | circular motion |
| List four clinical signs of periodontal disease in dogs and cats. | Bad breath (halitosis). Gingivitis. Tartar accumulation. Blood seen when eating or drinking, dropping food from the mouth, or decreased appetite. |
| Describe who and what the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is/does: | An organization that recognizes products that retard accumulation of plague and/or tarter. If a product meets its standards, it will give it a seal of approval. Reviews trial data. Trials must meet standards, before authorizing these seals of approval. |
| List and briefly describe four topics that should be included with Dental Discharge Instructions. | Post-anesthetic behavior what to watch for. Food & water restrictions on day of procedure. Softening food w/ warm water for 3-5 days. Med instruction. Description of action of meds & importance of finishing antibiotics. Recheck appt & home care of teeth. |
Created by:
Raevyn1
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