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Quarter 3 Review

Question	Answer
Silk Road	An ancient network of trade routes that connected the East (China) to the West (Europe), facilitating the exchange of goods, culture, ideas, and technologies from around 2nd century BCE to 14th century CE.
Confucianism	A system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius, emphasizing morality, family loyalty, social harmony, and respect for authority.
Mandate of Heaven	In ancient China, the belief that a ruler's authority to govern was granted by heaven and could be taken away if the ruler was unjust or ineffective.
Dynasty	A series of rulers from the same family or lineage, often spanning many generations. In history, especially in China, dynasties ruled over long periods.
Oracle Bones	Animal bones or turtle shells used by ancient Chinese diviners to communicate with spirits or predict the future. The cracks formed on the bones after heating were interpreted as messages from ancestors or deities.
Caste System	A social hierarchy in India, particularly associated with Hinduism, where people are classified into rigid categories (castes) based on birth, determining their occupation, social interactions, and marriage.
Hinduism	One of the oldest major world religions, originating in the Indian subcontinent. belief in karma, dharma, reincarnation, and a variety of gods and goddesses, with a focus on achieving enlightenment (liberation from the cycle of rebirth).
Judaism	A monotheistic religion originating with the Hebrews, centered on the belief in one God, the covenant between God and the Jewish people, and the teachings found in the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh).
Christianity	A monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians believe Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity. The Bible is the central text of the faith.
Buddhism	A religion and philosophy founded by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) that focuses on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path as a way to end suffering and attain enlightenment (nirvana).
Islam	A monotheistic religion founded by the Prophet Muhammad, based on the teachings of the Qur'an. Muslims believe in one God (Allah) and follow the Five Pillars of Islam as a guide for their faith and practice.
Dharma	In Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, this refers to the moral order or duties individuals must follow to live a righteous life. It can also refer to the teachings of the Buddha in Buddhism.
Karma	In Hinduism, Buddhism, and other Indian religions, this is the belief that a person's actions (good or bad) influence their future life, including their future reincarnation.
Eightfold Path	A key concept in Buddhism, outlining eight practices that lead to the end of suffering and reach enlightenment.
Four Noble Truths	The core teachings of Buddhism, which explain that suffering exists, suffering is caused by desire, suffering can end, and the way to end suffering is through the Eightfold Path.
Qur'an	The holy book of Islam, believed to be the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. It is written in Arabic and serves as the ultimate source of guidance for Muslims.
Ten Commandments	A set of ethical guidelines and religious principles given by God to the Israelites in the Hebrew Bible, particularly in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy. These commandments are foundational to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Reincarnation	The belief in many religions, including Hinduism and Buddhism, that after death, a soul is reborn into a new body. The new life can be influenced by the actions (karma) of previous lives.
Enlightenment	In Buddhism, enlightenment (nirvana) is the ultimate state of wisdom and liberation from the cycle of rebirth and suffering. In other contexts, it refers to a profound understanding or insight into the nature of life.
Pilgrimage	A journey undertaken for religious or spiritual reasons, often to a sacred site or location. Examples include the Hajj in Islam and the pilgrimage to the Ganges River in Hinduism.
Cultural Diffusion	The spread of cultural beliefs, practices, ideas, and technologies from one society or region to another, often through trade, migration, or conquest.
Mesopotamia	An ancient region in the Middle East, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, often referred to as the "Cradle of Civilization." It was home to early civilizations such as the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.
Code of Hammurabi	: A set of laws established by the Babylonian king Hammurabi around 1754 BCE. It is one of the oldest known legal codes and includes laws on trade, family, and justice.
Hebrew	The ancient language of the Hebrews, and also refers to the people who are the descendants of the ancient Israelites. Hebrew is the language of the Jewish Bible (Tanakh) and is still spoken in Israel today.
Monotheism	The belief in the existence of only one God. Religions that practice monotheism include Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Polytheism	The belief in or worship of multiple gods or deities. Many ancient religions, such as those of Greece, Rome, and Egypt, were polytheistic.
The New Testament	the second part of the Christian Bible, primarily focused on the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, as well as the early history of the Christian Church.

Created by: Igilbert

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