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Chapter 16: Pharm
Chapter 16: Community Pharmacy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What fraction of prescription drugs in the US are dispensed by community pharmacies? | two-thirds |
| What are interpersonal skills? | Skills involving relationships between people. |
| What are the rapidly growing aspects of community pharmacies? | Disease state management (DSM), Medication Therapy Management (MTM), and other clinical services and programs. |
| What are the five core elements of MTMs? | medication therapy review (MTR), personal medication record (PMR), medication-related action plan (MAP), intervention/referral, and follow-up/documentation. |
| What are the growing number of vaccines that pharmacists are administering? | Influenza, herpes, zoster, and pneumococcal vaccines. |
| What are independent pharmacies? | Individually owned and local pharmacies. |
| What are chain pharmacies? | regional or national pharmacy chains like CVS |
| What are mass merchandise pharmacies? | regional or national chains that sell mass merchandise and has a pharmacy like Walmart |
| What are food store pharmacies? | regional or national food store with in pharmacies like Kroger |
| What is the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)? | Federal legislation requiring pharmacists to provide counseling to Medicaid patients receiving new prescriptions (DUE). |
| What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? | Federal legislation designed to protect patient's personal and medical information and also encourage use of electronic date interchange in the US. |
| What is the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act? or Medicare Modernization Act | Federal legislation that created Medicare Part D and made allowance for Medicare recipients to receive Medicare medical coverage through private insurance plans. |
| What is the Combat Methamphetamine Act (CMEA)? | Federal legislation enacted to regulate over the counter sales of ephedrine,pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine. Only 3.6g in a day per person and 9g per 30 days. |
| What are transaction windows? | Counter areas designated for taking prescriptions and for dispensing them to patients. |
| What should the refrigerator temperature for medications be? | 36-46 F or 2-8 C (NO FOOD) |
| What is a prescription counter? | Designated for preparing non-compounded prescriptions. Equipment in this area would be trays, vials, labels, and auxiliary labels. |
| What is a compounding area? | Must be easily accessible to the sink and space required for mixing and other preparations. |
| What is a major pharmacy technician responsibility? | To process and refill prescriptions. |
| Why are e-scripts an advantage? | Makes processing the prescription faster and helps avoid errors that might otherwise be made interpreting handwriting or re-typing information. |
| What type of information do patient profiles have? | Name, DOB, current address, telephone #, allergies to meds, insurance info, service preferences, if the patient is picking up or waiting for prescriptions. |
| What information is on insurances cards? | Name of plan, patient's ID #, Group number, pharmacy BIN, person code, provider service number. |
| DAW code 0 | No DAW |
| DAW code 1 | written by prescriber |
| DAW code 2 | Patient requested brand |
| DAW code 3 | Pharmacist selected brand |
| DAW code 4 | Generic not in stock |
| DAW code 5 | Brand drug dispensed with generic price. |
| DAW code 6 | Override |
| DAW code 7 | Substitution not allowed, brand mandated by law |
| DAW code 8 | Generic drug not available |
| DAW code 9 | Other |
| WHich medications should not be refilled so early? | controlled substances |
| What is a partial refill? | Small quantity of medication, 2 to 3 day supply, or enough until a new shipment of medication is expected to be received. |
| What are some reasons for prescriptions transfers? | Convenience, better pricing or service,unavailability of the medication at original pharmacy, and/or insurance contracts with pharmacies. |
| What does the dark amber containers do for the drugs? | Designed to protect from light, which can have an adverse affect on the quality and effectiveness of some drugs. |
| What is a safety-cap? | a child-resistant cap |
| What type of people may prefer easy open caps? | Elderly and arthritic patients |
| What is a counting tray? | A tray designed for counting pills from a stock bottle into a prescription vial. |
| What are automated filling and dispensing machines? | Automated machines that fill and label pill bottles with correct quantities of ordered drug. |
| What is a FillMaster? | Automated device that dispenses the exact amount of distilled water into the stock bottle for reconstitution. |
| What are some prepacked or ready to dispense products? | Eye and ear drops, creams, ointments, and gels, inhalers, oral contraceptives, and insulin vials. |
| What is a auxiliary label? | Labels regarding specific warnings, foods or medications to avoid, potential side effects, and other cautionary interaction. |
| What is a Medication Guides (MedGuides)? | Paper handouts that come with many prescription medications to provide FDA-approved information that can help patients avoid serious adverse events; required for certain drugs. |
| What are patient package inserts (PPIs)? | Patient information that is part of the FDA-approved prescription drug labeling; required to be dispensed with specific products or classes of products such as oral contraceptives. |
| What are signature logs? | A paper or electronic log patients sign to indicate they have picked up their prescriptions. Used by third party payers to review prescriptions. |
| How often should a pharmacy technician check all bottles for outdated expiration dates? | Monthly |
| Where do expired drugs go? | Must be sent back to the wholesaler or destroyed. |
| When receiving items with an invoice, what should the pharm tech check for? | Drug product, strength, packaging, quantity, damage, and expiration dates. |
| Where do pharm tech go in order to resolve problems? | Some pharmacies it is the pharmacist in charge, in other pharmacies it may be district manager or the head of a specific department. |
| What is markup? | The difference between the retailer's purchase price and their sale price. Pharmacy increases the price of the OTC med to make a profit. |
| What are shelf stickers? | Stickers with bar codes that can be scanned for inventory identification. |
| What is a unit price? | The price of a unit of medication, such as one once of a liquid cold remedy. Just a portion of the medication price, not entire package. |
| What are walk-in clinics? | Treat limited common conditions (colds, minor injuries). Staffed by nurse practitioners. NP can write prescriptions besides controlled substances. |
| What are some examples of walk-in clinics? | Minute Clinics (CVS), and Take Care (Walgreens) |
| What is disease state managment? | Pharmacist provides one-on-one consultation sessions to prevent or decrease effects of chronic diseases. Improve quality of life and minimize expensure. |
| What are some conditions that are in disease state management program? | Diabetes, anticoagulation therapy, depression, smoking cessation, weight loss, blood pressure checks, COPD and asthma, coronary artery disease. |
| In order for a pharmacist to be reimbursed for their time, what do they need to fill out for MTM services? | 1500 form and CPT codes for MTM services. |
| What is the drug utilization review (DUR) or Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE)? | Process of verifying that a prescription being ordered does not interact with other medications on the patient's profile. Evaluation of a patient's drug therapy before medication is dispensed. |
| What should be evaluated under DUE or DUR? | Therapeutic duplication, drug-drug/drug-disease/drug-allergy interactions, special directions, proper storage, administration, missed dose, common side effects. |
| Why is there ongoing monitoring of the drug therapy ? | Need to monitor in order to see if they still need it or if the drug is being abused. |
| Who do you notify if a DUR warning popos up? | Notify the pharmacist |
| What is signa? | dosage, route of administration, duration of administration |
| What class is pseudoephedrine? | Decongestant |
| All non-liquid forms of PSE products must be in what packs? | Blister packs with no more than 2 doses per blister. |
| What cannot mail orders do with PSE products? | Mail order companies may not sell more than 7.5 grams in 30 day period. |
| Where must PSE products be kept? | Must be either locked in display case or behind counter. |
| Retailers must have what when PSE is bought? | Must maintain a written or electronic log book of all transactions of drugs with more than 60 msg of PSE, keep records for 2 years. |
| What is put into the logbook? | Purchaser signature, name and address, date and time of sale, and name or product, quantity sold |
| What is NPLEX? | Real time data on purchases (can track who was prescribed with what). |
| What is the Red Flag Act of 2007? | Set or provisions made by Federal Trade Act to help prevent identity theft from financial and medical business. |
| What do sellers must to the employees for the PSE act? | Must train the requirements of law and show the certification to the Attorney general. |
| When is co-payment collected with partial fills? | Co-payment collected when fully supply is dispensed. Meaning the patient is not charged until they get the full prescription. |
| What is considered early for refills? | May be too early if more than a week. |
| Can controlled substances get early refills? | No early refills for controlled substances. |
| How do you file for schedule 2 drugs? | Filed separately |
| What do pharmacist do for transfers? | Pharmacist calls original pharmacist for pt. info, prescriber, and refill info. Both pharmacies record each others info (name, address, phone, DEA, NPI). |
| In order to file controlled substances 3-5, what do you do? | Filed separate or with other legend drugs with red c stamped. |
| How many refills can you have for Schedule 2 drugs? | No refills |
| How many refills can you have for Sch 3,4,5 drugs? | In 6 months you can have five refills. |
| How many refills can you for for legend drugs? | 11 refills in 12 months |
| What do most states regulate? | Requiring certification for pharm techs, regulate ration of pharmacist to pharm techs, some require OBRA counseling for all patients, regulate scope of practice for pharm techs. |
| What are prescription bins or shelves? | Where completed prescriptions are alphabetically stored by patient's last name until picked up. |
| What are the parts of the NDC number? | first who the manufacturer the second is dosage form and strength and last digits is form and package size. 11 digit code |
| What do computers generate? | Label with NDC number in order to put the label on the prescription. |
| How do you transfer ointments and creams? | With spatula to jar |
| What are some cases you don't need safety caps? | Nitroglycerin, and pill contraceptives, elderly people drugs, and if you request it (just need it documented). |
| How many cassettes in automated filling machines? | 50-200 cassettes for holding tabs or caps. |
| What is an example of an automated filling machine? | Kirby Lester KL60, Parata Max, etc. |
| What do you to get the appropriate amount of liquids? | Graduated cylinder |
| What is an example of a machine that adds correct amount of water for reconstitution? | Fillmaster |
| What programs requires MedGuides? | REMS program, risks outweigh the benefits. |
| What are some verifications you need to do for patients? | Verify patient's name, birthdate, address, and telephone number. |
| If something has patient identification on it, what should you do in order to discard it? | It has to be shredded and not thrown in the regular trash. |
| know the generic on the book | otc |
| What is St. John's Wort supplement ? | Helps with depression |
| What is melatonin? | Sleep aid |
| What is echinacea ? | Immune system enhancer |
| What is ginkgo biloba? | Memory enhancer |
| What is cranberry? | Urinary acidifier |
| Vitamin A | Retinol- Antioxidant/ skin & vision (fat soluble; doesn't dissolve in water) |
| What are fat soluble vitamins mean? | Stored longer and do not dissolve in water. |
| What are water soluble vitamins mean? | Body uses them often so you need to frequently take them. |
| Vitamin B Complex | Water soluble so not stored and need to be replaced daily |
| What is B1? | Thiamine, Food to energy |
| What is B2? | Riboflavin-Food to energy |
| What is B3? | Niacin-Food to energy, helps with cholesterol |
| What is B5? | Patothenic acid-Food to energy |
| What is B6? | Pyridoxine-Decrease risk of heart disease |
| What is B7? | Biotin-Bone growth |
| What is B9? | Folate- prevent neural tube defects |
| What is B12? | Cobalamin |
| What is Vitamin C? | Ascorbic Acid- collagen, antioxidant (fat soluble) |
| What is Vitamin D? | Calciferol- Maintains levels of Calcium |
| What is the inscription? | The medication that is being prescribed, what the physician wants them to take. |
| What is a subscription? | Note to the pharmacist (instruction to how they want it made). |
| What is signa? | "Write on the label". They are the directions for use for the patient. |
| What is transcription? | Is the inscription and signa. |
| What is glucosamine? | Joint health |
| What is Medication Errors Reporting Form (MERF)? | Informs manufacturers of errors caused by commercial packaging and labeling. |
| What is FDA Adverse Effect Reporting System (FAERS)? | Adverse effects associated with medications are reported through FAERS. |
| What is MedWatch? | Created by FDA; Medical safety reporting program for professionals and customers. Adverse effects related to drugs, food, cosmetics, biologics, and medical equipment. |
| What is Vaccine Adverse Effects Reporting System (VAERS)? | Adverse effects associated with vaccines reported through; can be reported by anyone. Looked over CDC and FDA. |
| What is Vaccine Errors Reporting Program (VERP)? | Reported to ISMP by HC provider. |
| What is Med Marx? | Overseen by ISMP internet accessible database, anonymous way of reporting medication errors and adverse reactions for hospitals and health systems. |
| What does AWP? | Average wholesale price (AWP) + Professional dispensing fee = selling price for prescription. |
| What is gross profit? | Net profit = Selling price - acquisition price - dispensing fee or Net profit= Gross profit - Dispensing fee |
| What is Vitamin E? | Alpha-tocopherol-Nerve function, antioxidant |
| What is Vitamin K? | Phylloquinone- Blood clotting |
| What are antioxidants? | Substances that can prevent or slow damage of cells from unstable molecules that the body produces as a reaction to the environment. |
Created by:
imaliha2003
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