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Term

Allele frequency
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population bottleneck
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changes in the gene

as part of 91157

TermDefinition
Allele frequency The proportion of an allele in the gene pool. Calculated as: number of that allele ÷ total number of all alleles for that gene in the gene pool.
population bottleneck A population is suddenly reduced due to a catastrophic event to a few individuals and then recovers with low genetic diversity.
Founder effect A new population is established by a small number of individuals from an existing (ancestral) population, with lower genetic diversity.
Genetic variation The range of all the alleles in a population; the greater the number of different alleles present, the greater this is.
genetic drift The change in allele frequencies in populations due to chance events (not selection). It may include the loss of alleles from a gene pool. The effects are greatest in small populations.
Natural selection Phenotypes which are best suited to the environment have the greatest reproductive success. This changes the allele frequencies in the gene pool.
selection pressure Anything that affects the survival and reproductive success of an individual
artificial selection When humans select for alleles that are favourable to them and not necessarily the organism. This can artificially alter the alleles frequency in the gene pool and can reduce the ability of the organism to survive in nature.
Disruptive selection Occurs in a population when phenotypes at the extremes have higher fitness than intermediate phenotypes.
Directional selection Occurs in a population when intermediate and phenotypes at one extreme have higher fitness than phenotype at the other extreme.
Stabilising selection Occurs in a population when intermediate phenotypes have higher fitness than phenotypes at the either extreme.
Immigration Individuals coming into the gene pool. Increases allele frequency and can introduce new alleles.
Emmigration Individuals leaving the gene pool. decreases allele frequency and can reduce genetic diversity.
Created by: NZARoberts
Popular Genetics sets

 

 



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