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Chapter 21
Lymphatic and Immune Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Humoral immunity is mediated by ______ lymphocytes. | B |
| Where are type I MHC proteins found? | On all nucleated body cells |
| Once a B cell binds an antigen, it phagocytizes it and displays antigen fragments on what molecules? | MHC-II proteins |
| Antibodies function to render antigens harmless by which of the following? | Neutralization Agglutination Complement fixation Precipitation |
| Cytotoxic T cells attack and destroy target cells by secreting which of the following? | Interferons Tumor necrosis factor Perforins Granzymes |
| Which are characteristics of a primary immune response? | It occurs with the first exposure to an antigen. Antibodies first appear 3-6 days after exposure, peaking at day 10. IgM antibodies are formed first. |
| T cells attack foreign cells | cytotoxic |
| The T cell ______ response allows memory cells to mount a faster response upon exposure to the same pathogen later. | recall |
| An excessive harmful reaction to antigens is called ______. | hypersensitivity |
| Which type of immunity is mediated by B cells and the antibodies they secrete? | Humoral |
| Which describe allergens. | They are environmental antigens. They can occur in mold, dust, and pollen. They induce allergies. |
| What is required for activation of a B cell? | It must bind an antigen on several surface receptors. Usually, it must bind a helper T cell |
| Molecules that function to render antigens harmless by neutralization, complement fixation, agglutination and precipitation are called ______. | antibodies |
| diseases result from failures of self-tolerance. | autoimmune |
| Which are characteristics of a secondary immune response? | IgG antibodies are formed first. Antibodies first appear within hours, peaking at day 3. It occurs after the second and subsequent exposures to an antigen. |
| What is hypersensitivity? | An excessive and harmful reaction to antigens |
| A patient who is immunodeficient would have which of the following? | An underactive immune system |
| Antigens which induce hypersensitivity responses are called | allergens |
| What are possible causes for a lack of self tolerance? | Abnormal exposure to self antigens Cross reactivity between similar antigens Alteration of self antigens |
| refers to the inability to produce a normal immune response, resulting from a lack of immune cells or other immune mediators such as complement. | v |
| are granulocytes with a multi-lobed nucleus that destroy bacteria by means of phagocytosis, intracellular digestion, and secretion of bactericidal chemicals. | Neutrophils |
| A cytolytic protein secreted by NK cells is ______ | perforin |
| How many lymphatic trunks are normally found in the body? | 11 |
| True or false: Lymphatic capillaries are open-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells. | False |
| Which cell produces antibodies? | Plasma cell |
| What are mucosal associated lymphatic tissues? | Aggregates of lymphatic tissue scattered throughout the lamina propria of mucous membranes |
| Once a B cell binds an antigen, it phagocytizes it and displays antigen fragments on what molecules? | MHC-II proteins |
| What are the lymphatic system's main functions? | mmunity, absorption of lipids, fluid recovery |
| Lymph leaving the lymph nodes contains a large number of ______. | lymphocytes |
| NK cells induce apoptosis in virally infected cells by secreting which protein-degrading enzymes? | Granzymes |
| Lymphatic vessels are anatomically very similar to which of the following? | veins |
| Which tissues lack lymphatic vessels? | Cartilage Cornea Bone marrow |
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ccarterreid1