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Which term refers to the exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane?
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Carbon dioxide is transported in different forms in the blood. What is the most common form?
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Chapter 22
Respiratory 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which term refers to the exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane? | Alveolar gas exchange |
| Carbon dioxide is transported in different forms in the blood. What is the most common form? | Bicarbonate ion |
| How is inspiratory capacity calculated? | IVR, TV |
| How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood? | bicarbonate ions |
| The sum of the expiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and inspiratory reserve volume is the capacity. | vital |
| Which term refers to the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) that occurs in the capillary networks between the blood and the body's cells? | Systemic gas exchange |
| Hemoglobin is composed of how many subunits? | 4 |
| Oxygen loading in the lungs decreases hemoglobin's affinity for H+. How does this promote alveolar gas exchange? | The released H+ combines with HCO3- to form free CO2, which can diffuse out of the blood. |
| Which gas has the greatest partial pressure in inspired air? | nitrogen |
| Identify the forms in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood. | Bicarbonate ion Carbaminohemoglobin Dissolved gas |
| Which best summarizes the Bohr effect? | The rate of O2 unloading is increased in metabolically active tissues due to increased acidity. |
| Most carbon dioxide in the blood is transported in the form of ______ dissolved in the plasma. | bicarbonate |
| is a general term for a drop in the pH of blood below 7.35. | acidosis |
| Where does systemic gas exchange occur? | At the capillary networks of the tissues |
| A blood pH of 7.55 is called ______. | alkalosis |
| According to this figure, most of the carbon dioxide you exhale comes from which of the following? | Bicarbonate ions transported into the RBCs and used to generate free CO2. |
| Which is a degenerative lung disease characterized by a breakdown of alveoli and diminishing surface area available for gas exchange? | Emphysema |
| Which term refers to a deficiency of oxygen in a tissue? | hypoxia |
| The Bohr effect occurs because CO2 lowers the pH of the blood, which (as this graph illustrates) facilitates the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin. Given this, what is the physiological significance of the Bohr effect? | More oxygen is released to tissues that have higher metabolic rates. |
| ______ are a group of lung diseases (asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema) that result in long-term obstruction of airflow and substantially reduced pulmonary ventilation. | COPD |
| A blood pH of 7.1 would be called ______. | acidosis |
| Originates in the basal cells of the bronchial epitheliumOriginates in the basal cells of the bronchial epithelium | Squamous-cell carcinoma |
| Originates in the mucous glands of the lamina propriaOriginates in the mucous glands of the lamina propria | Adenocarcinoma |
| Originates in the main bronchi but invades the mediastinum and metastasizes quicklyOriginates in the main bronchi but invades the mediastinum and metastasizes quickly | Small-cell carcinoma |
| Which term refers to an acid-base imbalance in which the blood pH is higher than 7.45? | Alkalosis |
| Long term inhalation of cigarette smoke often leads to , a COPD that is characterized by a loss of alveolar surface area. | Emphysema |
| Insufficient oxygen levels in a tissue is called | hypoxia |
| COPDs are almost always caused by ______. | cigarette smoke |
| Which is the most common form of lung cancer? | Squamous-cell carcinoma |
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