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physiology Final

QuestionAnswer
Intrinsic control: is sometimes called autoregulation.
The body’s thermostat is located in the: hypothalamus
Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations. occurrence, distribution and transmission
Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? Both have a ring structure in their molecule.
Which lipid is part of vitamin D? Steroids
A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a: phospholipid and steroid
Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? Creatine phosphate
What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids? Degree of saturation
Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids? They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end
Diffusion requires: a concentration gradient.
When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis? Metaphase
Which of the following is not true of RNA? It contains deoxyribose sugar
Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through: active transport.
Which of the following statements is true? The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.
The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
A sequence of three bases forms a(n) codon
Transcription can be best described as the synthesis of mRNA.
Which of the following is not true of diffusion? Uses cellular energy
All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except: chromosome number remains at 46
Which of the following is not a characteristic of connective tissue? Typically holds its cells together tightly by means of desmosomes
Of the five epidermal cell layers, the only one that can undergo mitosis is the stratum: basale
Which type of connective tissue helps newborns maintain body temperature by producing heat? Brown fat
Bones grow in diameter by the combined action of which two of the three bone cell types? osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the epiphyses? Cylindrical in shape
The cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation are: endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
Until bone growth in length is complete, a layer of the cartilage, known as the _____, remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis. epiphyseal plate
In bone growth, the medullary cavity is enlarged because of the activity of: osteoclasts
In bone formation, the cells that produce the organic matrix are the osteoblasts
Blood calcium levels involve secretion of which two hormones parathyroid and calcitonin
Normally, bone loss will begin to exceed bone gain between the ages of _____ years. 35 and 40
The ulna articulates proximally with the: humerus
The ability of muscle cells to respond to nerve stimuli is called irritability
The knee joint is an example of a _____ joint hinge
The type of movement possible at a synovial joint depends on the shape of the articulating surfaces of the bones.
The largest and most frequently injured joint is the: knee
Which of the following statements is incorrect about motor units? The more muscle fibers stimulated by a motor neuron, the more precise the movements of that muscle can be.
After it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein? Troponin
The substance that attracts oxygen in the myoglobin molecule is iron
In the structure called a triad, the T-tubule is sandwiched between sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum
During which phase of the twitch contraction is there a triggering of the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm? Latent period
Which of the following terms describes an isometric contraction? Static tension
Which joint allows for a unique movement called opposition? Saddle
The protein molecule that has heads jutting out for cross-bridging is: myosin
A condyloid joint is an example of a(n) _____ joint biaxial
The first event to occur when an adequate stimulus is applied to a neuron is some of the sodium channels at the point of stimulation open
Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential? The sodium pump has moved Na+ to the outside of the plasma membrane
Which of the following is not one of the main chemical classes of neurotransmitters? Triglycerides
Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in certain brain synapses of: amines
Which of the following antidepressants acts by blocking the action of monoamine oxidase (MAO)? Phenelzine
Which of the following is true of spatial summation? Neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron
Excitatory neurotransmitters are most likely to initiate an action potential
When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheath from node to node, the type of impulse conduction is called saltatory conduction
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by filtration of blood in the choroid plexuses
If the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. sensory perception
The vomiting reflex is mediated by the medulla
If the ventral nerve root of a spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway willed movement
Impulses sent over which of the following tracts could result in voluntary movement, especially of the hands, fingers, feet, and toes of the opposite side? Lateral corticospinal
The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased. False
Tic douloureux is a painful neuralgia of the _____ nerve trigeminal
The part of the brain that assists in the maintenance of balance is the: cerebellum
Impulses from the _____ play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum thalamus
Norepinephrine is liberated at: most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings
The type of cells that secrete ACTH are corticotrophs
Which of the following is not true of a receptor potential It follows the all-or-none law
Sensory impulses ending in what part of the CNS trigger imprecise or “crude” sensation awareness Thalamus
The last step in the nonsteroid hormone mechanism of action is: protein kinases activate other enzymes
When a small amount of one hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect, the phenomenon is called: permissiveness
The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the: transcription of RNA
The production of thyroid hormone is stimulated by another hormone from the: anterior pituitary
The physiological mechanism that dissolves clots is known as fibrinolysis
Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the lymphocyte
The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the thymus
Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity cell-mediated
The functions of the lymph nodes are defense and hematopoiesis
A drop in the body’s production of carbonic anhydrase would hinder the formation of: carbonic acid.
Standard atmospheric pressure is _____ mm Hg 760
The approximate partial pressure of oxygen at standard atmospheric pressure is about _____ mm Hg. 160
If the tidal volume of a given individual is 500 ml, then the anatomical dead space is approximately _____ ml. 150
One hundred milliliters of arterial blood contains approximately what volume percent of oxygen? 20%
The final product of carbohydrate digestion is a: monosaccharide
Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides by enzymes known as amylase
Bicarbonates are useful in the GI tract to neutralize hydrochloric acid
Hydrolysis refers to: using water to split larger compounds into smaller ones
The hormone that stimulates the release of bicarbonate substance from the pancreas is secretin
Which of the following pairs are almost identical when compared chemically Plasma and interstitial fluid
Which of the following is a true statement? Arterial blood has an average pH of 7.41.
If the blood pH decreases below normal, the kidney tubules secrete _____ urine. more hydrogen ions from blood to
Which of the following is not considered a “transcellular fluid” Lymph
Edema may occur when All of the above
Which of the following is not a method used for parenteral administration? By mouth
Which of the following substances is released by the juxtaglomerular cells? Renin
In young adults, the percentage of body weight composed of water will average about _____ for males and _____ for females 60%; 50%
Which of the following is a part of the supporting structures of the male reproductive system? Scrotum
Which of the following is not a function of the Sertoli cells? They produce testosterone
Which of the following is not true of FSH? It stimulates the secretion of testosterone.
The phase of the menstrual cycle that occurs between the expulsion of the ovum from the ovary and the onset of menses is the _____ phase luteal
A high blood concentration of estrogens stimulates epithelial cells of the endometrium to proliferate
The increase in blood estrogens during the postmenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle produces all of the following changes in the uterus except decreased myometrial contractions
Which of the following is not a function of the ovary? It produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is the same as the: postmenstrual phase
Created by: shid1851
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