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COLONIES
11TH GRADE US HISTORY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mercantilism | exports are greater than imports = An economic theory based on reducing a country's imports while expanding it's exports |
| Why did Europe want to establish colonies? | (wanted to expand) = Raw materials were scarce in England, and were acquired from the colonies. Simultaneously, the colonies became a ready market for the English manufactured goods. |
| What is transatlantic trade? (triangle trade) | the trade across the Atlantic Ocean between America, England, and Africa |
| Navigation Acts | A series of laws that required goods to pass through England |
| What was transported from England to Africa? | manufactured goods, rum & textiles |
| What was transported from England to America? | manufactured goods |
| What was transported from West Indies to England? | sugar & molasses |
| What was transported from West Indies to America? | slaves, sugar & molasses |
| What did America give to West Indies? | Livestock / Grain |
| What did America give to Africa? | rum |
| What did America give to England? | raw goods / natural resources |
| What are the 5 Southern Colonies? | Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland |
| What are the 3 Middle Colonies? | Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, New Jersey |
| What are the 5 New England Colonies? | Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, |
| Overview of Southern Colonies: | Reasons established to make money for farming and agriculture because of it's rich and natural soil |
| cash crops | A crop grown to sell (tobacco, rice, indigo) |
| Southern colonies and Native Americans | began peacefully, ended violently (competition for resources led to conflict) |
| England's 1st permanent colony | Jamestown - established by a joint-stock company called the Virginia Company |
| joint-stock company | more than one person puts money into a stock so there is not as much loss |
| John Smith | gave motivation to the colonists "He who shall not work, shall not eat!" |
| John Rolfe | brought tobacco seeds from England |
| Chief Powhatan | saved Jamestown by giving them food when they were starving and natural resources |
| source of cheap labor for Jamestown and the Virginia colony | indentured servants |
| What state was a safe-haven for catholics? | Maryland (Lord Baltimore) |
| What is Act of Toleration? | religious freedom |
| North and South Carolina (Charleston) made England money by doing what? | growing cash crops |
| What were the two reasons Georgia was established? | 1. a buffer colony to protect important colonies from the Spanish, and 2. a haven for debtors (criminals sent to GA) |
| Why were the New England colonies established? | for religious purposes |
| What were puritans? | people who wanted to purify the Anglican Church |
| What were separatists? | people who wanted to completely separate from the Anglican Church (pilgrims) |
| New England Colonies impact of location and place: | rocky soil and short growing season- relied on substance agriculture (only growing for you and your family) |
| New England colonies and Native Americans: | began peacefully, ended violently (competition for resources led to conflict) |
| Economic development of New England colonies | trading port: ship building & fishing |
| What was the first democratic document outlining SELF government? | Mayflower Compact (written by Pilgrims on the Mayflower) |
| What was the "city upon a hill"? | Winthrop's vision that Massachusetts Bay would be an example to the rest of the world as hard-working and devoted to God. |
| What were the Salem Witch Trials? | the pilgrims accused women of being witches, so they killed them |
| What was the King Phillip's War? | A war for the competition of land (pilgrims vs. Native Americans) - the deadliest war per capita |
| What colony was a safe haven for religious dissenters? | Rhode Island |
| Who were the two most famous religious dissenters? | 1. Roger Williams 2. Ann Hutchinson |
| Who founded Connecticut? | Thomas Hooker |
| What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (FOC)? | The first document that established a representative government (NOT Self government) |
| What was the Pequot War? | The puritan massacre of the Pequot nation (tribe) in Connecticut |
| Who was the founder of Pennsylvania? | William Penn |
| What is a Quaker? | A religiously tolerant pilgrim, who are friendly with Native Americans |
| Why did the farmers turn to African slaves to fulfill their growing labor needs? | They needed a cheap labor source to plant and harvest crops. |
| Where were the slaves most demanded? | Southern colonies |
| What is salutary neglect? | England did not push the colonies to grow and make money, but the colonies grew and made money anyway |
| What was the House of Burgesses? | it was the first legislative and democratic government in America |
| What was The Great Awakening? | A religious revival that placed a greater emphasis on personal relationship with God than with the church |
Created by:
shannonbacha
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