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NASM-CPT Ch. 1 Terms
Chapter 1 The Modern State of Health and Fitness
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| OPT | Optimum Performance Training |
| Morbidity | The state of having a disease |
| Mortality | A state or a risk of death or dying |
| NCD | Non-Communicable Disease |
| Homeostasis | The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium |
| Cholesterol | A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells. |
| Stroke | A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel. |
| Heart attack | The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction. |
| Myocardial Infarction | Another name for a heart attack. |
| Heart failure | A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. |
| Heart valve problem | A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body. |
| Arrhythmia | A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern. |
| Ischemic heart disease | A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. |
| Atherosclerosis | The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow. |
| Hypertension | Consistently elevated blood pressure (greater than 120/80 (mm Hg) |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) | The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is beating or contracting. It is the first (top) number recorded. |
| Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) | The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is at rest or between beats; it is the second (bottom) number recorded. |
| Dyslipidemia | Elevated total cholesterol |
| Lipoprotein | A combination of protein and fatty acids; makes up cholesterol. |
| Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) | "Bad cholesterol"; are the specific type of cholesterol that makes up the plaque that clogs arteries. |
| High- Density Lipoprotein (HDL) | "Good cholesterol"; doesn't tend to clog arteries and helps remove LDL from the body. |
| Diabetes | Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein. Impacts the body’s ability to properly metabolize carbohydrates, specifically glucose |
| Glucose | The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy. |
| Type 1 Diabetes | Typically genetic; not preventable; the pancreas does not make enough insulin (or none at all), which is a hormone that helps transport glucose into cells to be used for energy. |
| Type 2 Diabetes | Insulin resistance; usually caused by an overconsumption of carbohydrates (sugar) that causes high levels of insulin to then regulate blood sugar, which then causes cells to stop responding to it because there is more than they can use. |
| Cancer | A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. about 76% of all cancers are diagnosed in individuals 55 years or older. |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | An umbrella term for chronic respiratory dysfunctions that are characterized by increased breathlessness, airflow limitation, and accelerated decline of lung function. (Emphysema & chronic bronchitis) |
| Endorphins | A group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain. |
| Skeletal muscle | The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement. |
| Sprain | A stretching or tearing of ligaments. |
| Plantar Fasciitis | An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain. |
| Plantar Fascia | Fibrous tissue along the bottom of the foot. |
| Patellar tendonitis | An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone). |
| Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear | A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. |
| ACL | Anterior cruciate ligament |
| Medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear | A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee. |
| MCL | Medial collateral ligament |
| LPHC | Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex; made up of the lumbar spine, pelvis, abdomen, and hip musculoskeletal structures; commonly referred to as "the core". |
| Shoulder impingement syndrome | Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder. |
| Diabetes | A disease in which blood glucose levels are too high. |
| Insulin | A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose get into cells to provide the energy for work. |
| Acute Disease | Any suddenly occurring medical condition that can be treated and healed in a short period of time. |
| Chronic Disease | A medical condition that persists, typically 3 months or longer, without quickly going away or being cured altogether. |
| Evidence-Based Practice | The conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about patient or client care. |
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