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NASM-CPT Ch. 6 Q&A
Chapter 6: The Cardiorespiratory, Endocrine, and Digestive Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the approximate weight of the human heart? | 300 grams, approx. 10 oz |
| The right side of the heart is referred to as the ____________ side. | Pulmonic. |
| The left side of the heart is referred to as the ______________ side. | Systemic. |
| What is the path of blood through the heart? | RA receives deoxygynated blood via superior vena cava, RV pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via L/R pulmonary artery. LA receives oxygenated blood via pulmonary veins, LV pumps oxygenated blood via the Aorta to the rest of the body. |
| Which side of the heart is thicker and pumps under high pressure? | Left, left ventricle, pumps blood a greater distance. |
| Resting heart rates for most of the population are between _____ and ______ beats per minute | 60; 100 |
| The SA node is referred to as the __________ of the heart. | Pacemaker |
| The stroke volume is the difference between the __________________________ and the ______________________. | Ventricular end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume |
| In a typical heart, the end-diastolic volume is about ________ mL of blood, and the end-systolic volume is about _________ mL of blood. | 120; 50 (The difference, 70mL, is the stroke volume) |
| Cardiac volume is a function of ___________ and ___________. | Heart rate; stroke volume. |
| [Info, no answer] If an average person has a resting heart rate of 70 BPM and a resting stroke volume of 70 mL/beat, cardiac output at rest would be 70 BPM × 70 mL/beat = 4,900 mL/min (or 4.9 L/min). | |
| What are the three kinds of cells in the body? | Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. (Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body, white blood cells help fight infections, and platelets help with clotting.) |
| Plasma makes up about ______% of the total volume of the blood, and the remaining _______% is made up of cellular material | 55; 45 |
| The average adult holds between ___ and ___ liters of blood in his or her body. | 4; 6 |
| What are the three major types of blood vessels? | Arteries, capillaries, and veins. |
| The ___________ is the largest artery in the body. | Aorta |
| What are the branches of the aorta? | the carotid artery (supplies blood to the brain via the neck), the subclavian artery (to arms), the mesenteric arteries (to the digestive system), the renal artery (to both kidneys), and the iliac artery (to pelvic and reproductive organs) |
| The primary role of the respiratory system is what? | To ensure proper cellular function. |
| How much air does the average person breathe and filter every day? | 7,000 to 9,000 liters. |
| A normal respiratory rate at rest is ______ to ______ breaths per minute | 12; 16 |
| What are the two catergories of respiratory passages? | The conducting airways and the respiratory airways. |
| What are the conducting airways? | Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, right and left pulmonary bronchi, bronchioles |
| What are the respiratory airways? | Alveoli, alveolar sacs |
| True or false: carbon can be removed from the body in a variety of ways, including exhalation. | False . As a carbon-based life form, the only way mass can be physically removed from the human body—aside from surgical procedures—is through the carbon dioxide that is exhaled with every breath. |
| What is the literal meaning of "endocrine"? | "Hormone secreting" |
| What are the primary endocrine glands? | Hypothalamus, pineal, pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and reproductive glands. |
| Much of the control of hormonal activity ultimately rests with the ___________ and _____________ gland, which are located in the ___________. | Hypothalamus; pituitary; brain |
| The hypothalamus and sometimes the pituitary glands are often referred to as what? | The master glands. |
| _________________ are one of the human body’s key sources of energy, and ____________ is the principal fuel for the brain. | Carbohydrates; glucose (a carbohydrate) |
| Insulin and glucagon are controlled and secreted by which organ? | Pancreas. |
| The adrenal glands, when stimulated, release ________________ and ________________. | Catecholamines; cortisol |
| What are the two catecholamines? | Epinephrine (aka adrenaline) and norepinephrine. (produced by the inner adrenal medulla.) |
| True or false: Acute hormone secretions also seem to be influenced to a greater degree when training larger muscles. | True. |
| True or false: Evidence suggests that slowing down the speed of repetitions during resistance training (which increases time under tension) will increase growth hormone, testosterone, and epinephrine when compared to shorter contraction times. | True. |
| The digestive system may be categorized into three functional regions, what are they? | (1) the head and neck, which includes the mouth, (2) the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and (3) the lower GI tract. |
| What are some gastric juice? | Hydrochloric acid, mucus, and pepsinogen |
| The small intestine is roughly ___ meters (almost ___ feet). | 3; 10 |
| The duodenum is the first ___ inches of the small intestine. | 10 |
| True or false: the large intestine is the main digestive area of the digestive system. | False; the large intestine has little to no digestive function and serves primarily to absorb and pass waste into the rectum. |
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