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Chapter 13
Term | Definition |
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Sensation | is the neural activity triggered by a stimulus that activates a sensory receptor and results in sensory nerve impulses traveling along the sensory nerve pathways to the brain. ‘ |
Perception | is a process that takes place in the brain and includes selecting processing, organizing, and integrating information received from the senses. |
Acuity | is sharpness of sight. |
Presbyopia | is the gradual loss of accommodation power to focus on near objects. It accompanies advancing age. |
Age-related maculopathy | is a disease affecting the central area of the retina that provides detailed vision. |
Depth perception | is a person’s judgement of the distance from self to an object or place in space. |
Retinal disparity | is the difference in the images received by the two eyes as a result of their different location. |
Motion parallax | is the change in optical location for objects at different distances during viewer motion. |
Optic flow | is change in the pattern of optical texture, a transformation of the optic array, as a viewer move forward or backward in a stable environment. |
Figure-and-ground perception | is the ability to see an object of interest as distinct from the background. Whole-and-part perception |
Size constancy | is the perception of actual object sized despite the size of its image as projected on our retinas. |
Shape constancy | is the perception of actual objects shape despite its orientation to a viewer. |
Habituation | is the state of having adapted to a stimulus. |
Spatial orientation | is the orientation or position of objects as they are located in space pr in a two-dimensional drawing. |
Preferential looking | is a research technique in which two stimuli are presented to a subject who turns to look toward the preferred stimulus. |
Detection threshold | is the point on a continuum at which the energy level is just sufficient for one to register the presence of a stimulus. |
Proprioceptor | is the collective name of various kinesthetic receptors located in the periphery of the body; the two types of proprioceptors are the somatosensors and the vestibular apparatus. |
Somatosensors | are the receptors located under the skins, in the muscles, at muscle-tendon junctions, and in joint capsules and ligaments. |
Vestibular apparatus | houses the receptors located in the inner ear. |
Tactile localization | is the ability to identify without sight the exact spot on the body that has been touched. |
Body awareness | is the recognition, identification, and differentiation of the location, movement, and interrelationships of the body parts and joints; it also refers to a person’s awareness of the spatial orientation and perceived location of the body in the environment |
Laterality | is a component of body awareness- specifically, the awareness that one’s body has two distinct sides that can move independently. |
Lateral dominance | is the consistent preference for use of one eye, ear, hand, or foot instead of the other although the preference for different anatomical units is not always on the same side. |
Directionality | is the ability to project the body’s spatial dimensions into surrounding space and to grasp spatial concepts about the movements or locations of objects in the environment, for examples, knowing the body’s spatial dimension of “left” one can project that |
Absolute threshold | is the minimal detectable sound a hearer can sense at least half of the time a signal is sounded. |
Differential threshold | is the closest that two sounds can be yet still allow the hearer to distinguish them at least 75% of the time. |
Presbycusis | is a loss of hearing sensitivity. |
Amodal invariants | are patterns in space or time that does not differ across the sensory-perceptual modalities. |