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unit 4 vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polarity | When water has a positive H end and a negative O end |
| Surface Tension | Insects and protists can live on the surface of the water without breaking or drowning |
| Cohesion | The attachment of water molecules to each other by hydrogen bonds |
| Heat capacity | the heat, measured in calorie required to raise 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius |
| Residence time | The average length of time a dissolved substance spends in the ocean |
| Colligative Properties | Characteristics of a solution that differ from those of pure water because of substances held in solution |
| Halocline | The zone of the ocean in which salinity increases rapidly with depth |
| Estuary | A body of water partially surrounded by land where fresh water from a river mixes with ocean water, creating an area of remarkable biological productivity |
| Pycnocline | The middle zone of the ocean in which density increases rapidly with depth. Temperature falls and salinity rises in this zone |
| Salinity | A measure of the dissolved solids in seawater, usually expressed in grams per kilogram or parts per thousand. |
| pH | A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution; numerically, the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the aqueous solution |
| Alkalinity | pH value over 7 ; the opposite of acidic |
| Caballing | Mixing of two water masses of identical densities but different temperatures and salinities, such that the resulting mixture is denser than its components |
| Thermocline | The zone of the ocean in which temperature decreases rapdily with depth |
| Buffering | When a group of substances resist change in the pH of a solution by combining with free ions |
| Ion | An atom that becomes electrically charged by gaining or losing one or more electrons |
| Solvent | A substance that is able to dissolve other substances |
| Sofar Layer | Layer of minimum sound velocity in which sound transmission is unusually efficient for long distances |
| Ionic Bond | A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Solute | A substance dissolved in solvent |
| Adhesion | The attachment of water molecules to other substances by hydrogen bonds |
| Covalent Bonds | A chemical bond resulting from the sharing of electrons |
| Calorie | Unit of measurement for the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degrees Celsius |
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sisisimpson
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