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AP Govt CPHS Chap 10
AP Govt. CPHS Chap. 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Judicial Review | Power of the courts to review acts of other branches of government and the states. |
| Judiciaary Act of 1789 | Established the basic three-tiered structure of the federal court system. |
| Maybury v. Madison (1803) | Case in which the Supreme Court first asserted the power of judicial review in finding that the congressional statute extending the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional. |
| Trial Courts | Courts of original jurisdiction where cases begin. |
| Appellate Courts | Courts that generally review only findings of law made by lower courts. |
| Jurisdiction | Authority vested in a particular court to hear and decide the issues in any particular case. |
| Original jurisdiction | The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. Courts determine the facts of a case under their original jurisdiction. |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | The power vested in an appellate court to review and/or revise the decision of a lower court. |
| Criminal Law | Codes of behavior related to the protection of property and individual safety. |
| Civil Law | Codes of behavior related to business and contractual relationships between groups and individuals. |
| Constitutional Courts | Federal courts specifically created by the U.S. Constitution or by Congress pursuant to its authority in Article III. |
| Legislative Courts | Courts established by Congress for specialized purposes, such as the Court of Military Appeals. |
| Brief | A document containing the legal written arguments in a case filed with a court by a party prior to a hearing or trial. |
| Precedents | Prior judicial decisions that serve as a rule for sttling subsequent cases of a similar nature. |
| Stare Decisis | In court rulings, a reliance on past decisions or precedents to formulate decisions in new cases. |
| Senatorial Courtesy | Process by which presidents generally defer selection of district cour judges to the choice of senators of their own party who represent the state where the vacancy occurs. |
| Strict Constructionist | An approach to constitutional interpretation that emphasizes the Framers' original intentions. |
| Writ of Certioari | A request for the Court to order up the records from a lower court to review the case. |
| Rule of Four | At least four justices of the Supreme Court must vote to consider a case before it can be heard. |
| Solicitor General | The fourth-ranking member of the Department of Justice; responsible for handling all appeals on behalf of the U.S. government to the Supreme Court. |
| Amicus Curiae | "Friend of the court"; amici may file briefs or even appear to argue their interests orally before the court. |
| Judicial Restraint | A philosophy of judicial decision making that argues courts should allow the decisions of other branches of goverment to stand, even when they offend a judge's own sense of principles. |
| Judicial Activism | A philosophy of judicial decision making that argues judges should use their power broadly to further justice, especially in the areas of equality and personal liberty. |
| Judicial Implementation | Refers to how and whether judicial decisions are translated into actual public policies affecting more than the immediate parties to a lawsuit. |
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Rebecca3
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