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NASM-CPT Ch. 8 Q&A
Chapter 8: Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many amino acids do humans use assemble bodily proteins? | 20 |
| For conversion purposes, how many calories equals 1 pound (about 0.5 kilogram) of body fat? | 3,500 calories |
| RMR, EAT, TEF, and NEAT combine to form TDEE. | Resting Metabolic Rate; Exercise Activity Thermogenesis; Thermic Effect of Food; Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis; Total Daily Energy Expenditure |
| What are nonessential amino acids? | Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body if overall nutrition intake is adequate |
| What is a limiting factor for how long anaerobic glycolysis can proceed? | Hydrogen ion accumulation can decrease muscle pH, which leads to sensations of pain and fatigue and limits high-intensity exercise duration. |
| What is excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)? | EPOC is the increase in aerobic metabolism above baseline that occurs for a period after exercise. |
| Which substrate provides nearly all the energy for activity at and above VT2? | Glucose |
| When glucose is broken down via glycolysis, what molecule is created that could also be oxidized under aerobic conditions? | Pyruvate |
| What does the electron transport chain (ETC) do? | The ETC uses a series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane to create a hydrogen ion gradient, which is then harvested to create ATP. |
| What is a kilocalorie (kcal)? | A kcal is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. It is also the same thing as 1 food calorie and is equal to 1,000 "lowercase-c" calories. |
| If pyruvate is being created via glycolysis faster than oxygen can be delivered to the muscle, what will happen to the pyruvate? | Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to lactate. |
| When glucose is broken down via glycolysis, what molecule is created that could also be oxidized under aerobic conditions? | The by-products of glycolysis are pyruvate and ATP. Pyruvate is converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions or further oxidized under aerobic conditions. |
| Which nutrient has the highest thermic effect? | Carbohydrate |
| What is the name of the stored form of glucose? | Glycogen |
| How many calories are in 1 pound of body fat? | About 3,500 |
| If someone were performing repeated sprints with each sprint lasting between 30 and 90 seconds, which energy system would be contributing the most to ATP production during this activity? | Glycolysis |
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