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Vet 116 Skeletal Sy.
Skeletal System for Vet 116, along with other terms.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Study of bone and its related physiology. | Osteology |
| What is the hardest natural substance in the body? (Bone is the second hardest.) | Tooth Enamel |
| Cells embedded in an intracellular matrix make up what? | Bone |
| It starts out soft, then hardens with age as calcium and phosphate are added. | Matrix |
| Cells responsible for producing bone and secreting Matrix: | Osteoblasts |
| Cells responsible for eating away bone for remodeling, also allowing the body to extract calcium from the blood. | Osteoclasts |
| Bone cells/ embedded Osteoblasts. | Osteocytes |
| A process in which Osteoblasts harden bone. | Ossification |
| Where Osteoblasts embed after Ossification. | Lacunae |
| Bone formation; Growing into and replacing a cartilage model. (Starts in fetus): | Endochrinal Ossification |
| The ends of bones are called these: | The Epiphyses |
| The shaft of the bone is named this: | The Diaphyses |
| Growth plates in bone (found more in young) are called this: | The Epiphyseal Plates |
| Bones developing from fibrous tissues that form flat cranial bones. | Intramembranous Ossification |
| This cannot be seen in X-ray: | Cartilage |
| The Diaphyses of the bone elongates and ossifies, then repeats to ________. | Lengthen |
| The primary growth center of the bone (found in the Diaphyses) is what? | Calcium filled |
| The Epiphyses are the place for the Secondary ______ ______. | Growth Center |
| Microscopic openings that contain blood capillaries which are responsible for bringing blood to cells: | Volkmanns Canals |
| Larger canals in bone that allows nerves and vessels to access bone marrow | Nutrient Foramen |
| Contain blood and lymph vessels as well as nerves. (Volkmanns branch off of these): | Haversian Canals |
| Compact bone composed of tiny, tightly packed cylinders of bone: | Haversian System |
| N.Formina (pl) look like these in x-rays: | Tiny cracks |
| Sponge-like bone found in the Epiphyses, with cartilage between the spaces. | Cancellous Bone |
| Bone that is heavy, dense, and smooth. It is always on the outside of the bone. | Compact Bone |
| A layer inside of the bone and contains Osteoblasts. | Endosteum |
| Longer than they are wide; found in limbs. | Long Bones |
| Small and cube shaped, with a core of Cancellous bone covered by Compact bone. (Carpal and Tarsal bones are en example): | Short Bones |
| Bone made of Cancellous bone wedged between Compact bones. Examples: Skull, pelvis and Scapula. | Flat Bones |
| Miscellaneous bones that do not fit any other category: | Sesamoid or Irregular bones. |
| This is found in Cancellous bones, and hollow areas in long bones. | Cartilage |
| Hematopoietic Tissue: | Red bone Marrow. |
| It produces Red Blood Cells, and if found more common in younger animals. Found in the Joints in Adults. | Red Marrow |
| Consists of Adipose, most common in adults and doesnt produce RBC's. | Yellow Marrow |
| Joint surfaces that are smooth areas of Compacted bone; Covered in Hyaline cartilage also called Articular Cartilage | Articular Surfaces |
| Large, round articulars: | Condyle |
| Flat A.S with a joint that makes a rocking motion: | Facet |
| General term to describe all of the lumps, bumps, and other projections present on the bone: | Processes |
| A hole in the bone (like the Natural Forminae) is called: | Foramen |
| A depression or sunken area on the surface of the bone: | Fossa |
| What are functions of bones: | Supports Protects Leverage Storage |
| It prevents Hypercalcemia by allowing the body to deposit calcium into the bones with Osteoblasts. | Calcitonin |
| Prevents Hypocalcemia by allowing the body to extract calcium from the bones with Osteoclasts. | Parathyroid |
| Dairy Cows have issues with calcium levels, do to a large supply of calcium being extracted from the body after birth. Can cause death if not caught in time. | Milk Fever |
| The cranium, bones of the face, and bones of the ears. | Axial Skeleton |
| Immovable joints that join the bones of the Axial Skeleton. | Sutures |
| The only free joint in the Axial Skeleton that connects to the skull: | The Mandible |
| These bones form the caudal portion of the hard palette | Palatine Bones |
| These bones form supports for part of the Pharynx. (Milk can definitely come out the nose!) | Pterygoid Bones |
| This bone is found at the midline and forms the nasal septum: | Vomer Bone |
| Scroll like bones that fill up the space of the nasal cavities are called these: | Turbinates |
| This bone supports the base of the tongue, the larynx, pharynx, and aids in swallowing. (Its also the bone that is broken during manual strangulation for all you CSI fans!) | The Hyoid Bone |
| _______ is the bone that forms the base of the skull. | The Occipital Bone |
| Two small bones on the dorsal midline | Interparietal Bones |
| Paired bones from the dorsolateral walls of the cranium | Parietal Bones |
| Paired bones from the lateral wall of the cranium and contain the bones for the middle and inner ear. Its also where the mandible joins the rest of the skull. | Temporal Bones |
| These bones form the forehead region of the cranium and contain the large sinus': | Frontal Bones |
| This is a single bone that forms the Ventral point of the cranium. | Sphenoid Bone |
| A single bone that lies just in front of the Sphenoid Boone and is the area where the nerves for the sense of smell pass through: | Ethmoid Bone |
| The three bones of the ear are the Mallus, Incus, and the ______. | Stapes |
| This bone is the most rostral of the bones and houses the incisors: | Incisive Bones |
| A pair of bones that forms the bridge of the nose: | The Nasal Bones |
| This pair of bones make up the upper jaw: | The Maxillary Bones |
| Two bones that form the part of the medial portion of the orbit of the eye are called what? | Lacrimal Bones |
| These form a portion of the orbit of the eye and are a part of the Zygomatic Arches: | Zygomatic Bones |
| The two major parts of the Spinal Column are the Axial Skeleton and the: | Appendicular |
| The minor part of the Spinal Cord is the: | Visceral SKeleton |
| How many Cervical Vertebrae are there? | 7 |
| How many Thoracic Vertebrae are there? | 13 |
| How many Lumbar Vertebrae are there? | 7 |
| How many Sacral Vertebrae are there? | 3 |
| How many Coccygeal Vertebrae do cats have? | 5-23 |
| How many Coccygeal Vertebrae do dogs have? | 20 |
| The name for the first Cervical Vertebrae: | Atlas |
| The name for the second Cervical Vertebrae: | Axis |
| The sacrals fuse to make what? | Sacram |
| There are as many pairs of ribs as what kind of bones? | Thoracic |
| This is another name for the bones of the Sternum: | Sternebrae |
| The first bone of the Sternum is called the _______. | Manubrium |
| The eigth bone of the sternum is known as: | The Xyphoid Process |
| This limb is the only limb attached by muscle, to allow for shock absorption: | The Front Limb |
| A shoulder blade is the ________. | Scapula |
| The Verebral Formula for the dog is: | c7t13L7s3Ca20 |
| The Verebral Formula for the cat is: | c7t13L7s3Ca5-23 |
| The long bone of the upper arm (brachium) is the: | Humerous |
| The bone of the forearm (antebrachium) and the main weight bearing bone: | The Radius |
| The ______ is the second bone of the antebrachium; it forms a major portion of the elbow joint. | Ulna |
| The wrist is called the _______. | Carpus |
| The three top Carpal Bones are the Radial Carpal, the Ulnar Carpal, and the ____________ ________ bone. | Accessory Carpal |
| A pollex is the ______. | Thumb |
| The claw is known as the: | Ungual Process |
| The bone the claw is attached to is the: | Ungual crest |
| The declaw process removes the what in the Phalange? | Distal Bone |
| Bones located between the Distal and Carpal Bones: | Metacarpal Bone |
| What phalange doesnt have the middle phalynx? | First DewClaw |
| All phalanges besides the first DewClaw have a complete set, which means they have a Proximal,______, and Distal bone. | Middle |
| The Pelvis attaches to what? | Sacram |
| The _______ is made with three bones, all joined dorsally with Pelvic Symphysis. | Pelvis |
| This is the forward most of pelvic bones, and forms the sacroliac joint with the pelvis: | Ilium |
| Caudal most pelvic bone: | Ischium |
| Smallest Pubic bone,forms cranial portion of pelvic floor. | Pubis |
| All three pelvic bones form the: | Acetabulum |
| The long bone of the thigh; has a ball and socket. | Femur |
| Knee cap, found in the tendon Quadracepts Fencoris Muscle: | Patella |
| Two Sesamoid bones behind the Femoral Condyle in proximal Gastrocnemius Muscle: | Fabella |
| This supports and carries weight: | Tibia |
| Thin shaft of bone, doesnt support weight: | Fibula |
| This is the ankle or hock. | Tarsus |
| Almost identical to the Metacarpal bones of the front limb; most animals have four, numbered II -> V | MetaTarsal Bone |
| This Skeleton is found only in male dogs, and is known as the OS Penis: | Visceral |
Created by:
Ruvie
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