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Top 100 Drugs Butler
Top100 Drugs 01-28-2010
| Brand | Generic | Indication | Dosage Form | MOA | Important |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abilify | Aripiprazole | Schizophrenia, bipolar, major depressive adjunct | Solution inj, oral. Tablet, ODT | Blocks 5HT | Hepatic metab, BBW suivide in children AR: weight gain, tardive dyskinesia |
| Accutane | Isotretinoin | Acne | Capsule | Reduces sebaceous gland size and sebum production. | Hepatic metab. BBW teratogenic. AR: dec bone density, hearing loss, vision loss. Dispensing requirements. |
| Actos | Pioglitazone | Diabetes mellitus | Tablet | Dec insulin resistance, acts on PPAR. Need insulin to work. | Hepatic metab. BBW class 3/4 HF. AR: returned ovulation. |
| Adderall XR | Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine salts | ADHD | Capsule ER, tablet | Blocks reuptake and promotes release of NE and DA | Hepatic metab. Int: MAOI. Contra: arteriolsclerosis, symptomatic CVD, HTN, hyperthyroid, glaucoma, agitated state. |
| Advair | Fluticasone and salmeterol | Asthma | Aerosal (HFA), powder | Corticosteroid, long acting beta agonist. | Not for immediate relief. AR: Thrush. |
| Advil/Motrin/Caldolor | Ibuprofen | Inflammation, pain, fever | Caplet, capsule, gelcap, injection, susp, tablet, chewtab | Reversibly inhibits Cox1&2, dec formation of prostaglandins. | Hepatic metab, urinary.Inter ACEI, ARB, thiazide. Contra: asthma. BBW: MI, GI bleed, stroke. |
| Aldactone | Spironolactone | Edema | tablet | Competes with aldosterone for receptor in distal tubule. K+ sparing. | Hepatic metab, urinar. Int: MAOI, K+ sparing. Contra: anuria, ARF, allergy to sulfonamides. AR: ammenorrhea, hirsutism, gynecomastia. |
| Alphagan | Brimonidine | Glaucoma | Opt solution | Alpha2 agonist receptor in eye, reduces humor. | Hepatic metab. MAOI. AR: conjunctivitis, visual disturbance. |
| Altace | Ramipril | Hypertension | Capsule, tablet | ACEI | Hepatic metab. Int: lithium, antacids. AR: Hyperkalemia, cough. |
| Amaryl | Glimepiride | Diabetes mellitus | Tablet | Stimulate insulin release, reduce glucose production, inc insulin sensitivity. | Hepatic metab. Renal. Contra: ketoacidosis. AR: weight gain. |
| Ambien/Zolpmist/ Edluar | Zolpidem | Insomnia | Tablet, tab ER | Enhance effect of GABA A via BZD1. | Hepatic metab, renal. Int: antifungal, depressants. AR: sleep behaviors. May be habit forming. |
| Amitiza | Lubiprostone | Constipation, IBS w/ constipation | Softgel cap | Bicyclic fatty acid that acts on apical portion of intestines as Cl channel activator. | Stomach metab, feccal exc. Contra: bowel obstruction. |
| Apidra | Insulin glulisine | Diabetes mellitus | Injection solution | Rapid acting insuln analog. DOA 2 hours. | AR: hypokalemia. Take after each meal |
| Aranesp | Darbepoetin alfa | Anemia | Injection solution | Causes the release of reticulocytes from bone marrow | BBW: CV mortality, cancer, CRF. AR: PRCA. |
| Argatroban | Argatroban | Prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis | Injection solution | Direct thrombin inhibitor. Inhibits fibrin formation. Used in HIT | Hepatic metab. Int: NSAID, ASA. Contra: major bleeding. |
| Aricept | Donepezil | Alzheimers | Tab, Tab ER | Reversibly/noncompetitive inhibits acetylcholinesterase in cortex and basal forebrain. | Hepatic metab. Int: anticholinergics. Contra: sensitive to pipperidine. AR: accidents, infection, anorexia. |
| Arimidex | Anastrotrozole | Breast cancer | Tablet | Selective aromatase inhibitor. | Hepatic metab. Int: estrogen, tamoxifen. Contra: prego. AR: hot flashes, bone pain, cough. |
| Arixtra | Fondaparinux | Prophylaxis of DVT | Injection solution | Pentasaccharide that inhibits factor XA. | Renal exc. BBW: neuraxial anesthesia. Contra: <30 Cl, <50kg, major bleed, endocarditis. |
| Asacol/Lialda/Apriso | Mesalamine | Ulcerative colitis | Cap CR, Suppos, Rectal susp, Tab DR EC, Tab DR, Tab ER | Modulate local mediators especially leukotrienes. TNF inhibitor, radical scavenger. | Hepatic and GI metab. Int: antacids, PPI, H2, varicella vaccine. AR: pancreatitis. |
| Aspirin | Aspirin | Pain, inflammation, fever, MI prevention | Caplet, caplet buffered, gum, suppos, tab, tab buffered, chew tab, tab CR, tab DR EC, tab EC | Irreversibly inhibits Cox1 and 2 via acetylation. | Hepatic and GI metab. Renal exc. Contra: bleeding disorder, asthma, child with infection. |
| Ativan | Lorazepam | Anxiety | Solution inj, oral, tab | BZD receptor on postsynaptic GABA neurons. Enhances GABA. | Hepatic metab. Int: alcohol, depressants. AR: anterograde amnesia. Dependence, altered sex drive, photosensitive |
| Augmentin | Amoxicillin and clavulanate | Bacterial infection | Powd susp, tab, chewtab, tab ER | Beta lactamases. Binds to PBP and suicide agent. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. INC INR. AR: diarrhea, anaphylaxis. |
| Avelox | Moxifloxacin | Bacterial infection | Infusion, solu opt, tab | Inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. | Hepatic metab, renal and feces exc. NOT RENALLY ADJUSTED. Tendon rupture, bilirubin change, chelation, QTc prolong, CNS/neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, glucose disturbance. |
| Bactrim/Septra | SMX/TRIM | Bacterial infection | Solu inj, susp, tab, tab DS | Interferes with folic acid synthesis. Dihydropteroate-sulfa. Dihydrofolate-TMP. | Urine exc. Int: warfarin, contraceptives. Contra: megaloblastic anemia, infants, hepatic/renal disease, prego. 8oz water, photosensitive. |
| Bactroban | Mupirocin | Bacterial infection | Cream, oint, intranasal oint | Binds to bacterial isoleucyl tRNA synthetase. Protein synthesis inhibition. | Skin metab. |
| Boniva | Ibandronate | Osteoporosis | Inj solution, tablet | Inhibits bone resorption via action on osteoclasts. | Urinary exc. Contra: hypocalcemia, inability to sit or stand for 60 min. AR: dyspepsia |
| BuSpar | Buspirone | Anxiety | Tablet | Unknown. High affinity for 5HT1a/2. Moderate D2 affinity. | Hepatic metab. Int: MAOI, grapefruit. 2-3 weeks for full effect. |
| Byetta | Exanatide | Diabetes Mellitus | Solu inj | GLP1 analog. inc glucose dependent insulin secretion, dec inappropriate glucagon sec, inc B-cell growth and replication. Slow gastric emptying. | Renal exc. Contra: gastroparesis. AR: N&V, acute pancreatitis, weight loss. |
| Bystolic | Nebivolol | Hypertension | Tablet | Selective B1 inhibitor. | Hepatic metab, renal and fecal exc. Int: MAOI, insulin. Contra: severe bradycardia, heart block, cardio shock, SSS. Hypoglycemic mask. |
| Cardizem/Cartia/Dilacor/Tiazac | Diltiazem | Hypertension | Cap ER, Inj solu, powd, tab, tab ER | Nondihydropyridine CCB. Relax coronary smooth muscle, coronary vasodilation, inc oxygen delivery | Hepatic metab. |
| Cardura | Doxazosin | Hypertension, BPH | Tab, tab ER | Inhibits post synaptic alpha1. Vasodilation, reduce peripheral resistance. Inhibits alpha1 in bladder neck/prostate | Hepatic metab. Int: Decongestants. AR: orthostatic hypotension |
| Catapres | Clonidine | Hypertension | Inj solu, tab, patch | Stimulates alpha2 in brain stem. | Hepatic metab, interheptic recycling. AR: depression. Must taper, rebound HTN |
| Celebrex | Celecoxib | Osteoarthritis, RA | Cap | Inhibits Cox2, dec prostaglandin synthesis. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Contra: asthma, urticaria/allergy to ASA, NSAID. AR: GI bleed. |
| CellCept | Mycophenolate | Prophylaxis of organ rejection | Cap, powd inj, powd susp, tab, tab DR | Cytotoxic to T and B cells, inhibits IMP dehydrogenase. | Hepatic metab. BBW: inc infections, lymphoma or skin malignancy, congenital malformations. AR: PRCA, electrolytes. |
| Chantix | Varenicline | Smoking cessation | Tablet | Partial agonist at nicotine receptors in brain. | Renal exc, GF and ATS. PreC: suicide/depression. Begin 1 week prior to quitting. |
| Cipro | Ciprofloxacin | Bacterial infection | Infuse, inj, MicroCap, Opt oint, opt solut, tab, tab ER | DNA gyrase inhibition. | Renal exc. Int: Antacid, iron salts. Contra: children, prego, theophylline use. FQ. |
| Claritin D | Pseudoephedrine and loratadine | Allergic rhinitis | Solu, syrup, tab, chewtab, ODT | Peripheral H1 antagonism. Decongestant alpha adrenergic) | Hepatic metab, renal and feces exc. AR: xerostomia. |
| Cleocin | Clindamycin | Bacterial infection | Cap, vagcream/suppos, foam, gel, granules, infuse, inj, lotion, pledge, TopSolut | Binds to 50S subunit to inhibit protein synthesis. | Hepatic metab. May cause C.Diff. AR: diarrhea. |
| Clozaril | Clozapine | Schizophrenia | Tab, ODT | Weak antagonism of D1, 2, 3, 5. high D4 affinity, blocks serotonin, alpha, H1 and cholinergic. | Hepatic metab. Contra: agranulocytosis/ granulocytosis, uncontrolled epilepsy, severe CNS depression, coma. |
| Colchicine | Colchicine | Prevent/treat gout flare | Tablet | Disrupts cytoskeletal function by inhibiting b-tubulin polymerization. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Contra: use of CYP3A4 or p glycoprotein inhibitors with renal/hepatic impairment. Avoid grapefruit. |
| Combivent/DuoNeb | Albuterol and ipratropium | COPD | Neb solu, aerosal | Alb-stimulate adenyl cyclase. Ipra-inhibits vagally mediated reflexes. | Contra: sensitive to soy lecithin, soybean or peanuts, not for acute attacks. |
| Concerta/Ritalin/Focalin XR | Methylphenidate/Dexmethyl | ADHD | Cap ER, Solut oral, Tab, ChewTab, Tab ER, Tab SR, Patch | Activates brain stem arousal system and cortex to produce stimulation. | Bimodal release. Int: MAOI. Contra: anxiety, tension, agitation, glaucoma, motor tics, tourette's, 14 days of MAOI, <6yo. Habit forming. |
| Cordarone | Amiodarone | Arrhythmias | Inj, tab | Lengthen cardiac action potential, some alpha/beta blocking, neg chronotropic. Porlongs conduction and AV refraction. | Hepatic metab. INC INR. Contra: cardio shock, sinus bradycardia, 2/3rd AV block, |
| Coreg Cr | Carvedilol | Hypertension, HF | Cap ER, Tablet | Nonselective beta blocker with alpha blocking. | Hepatic metab. Contra: 4 HF, 2/3rd AV block, SSS, cardio shock, severe bradycardia, diabetes, asthma/COPD, hypotension. AR bradycardia will get better in days to weeks. |
| Cortisporin Otic | Neomycin, polymyxin B, Hydrocortisone | Bacterial infection (pseudomonas) | Inj powd, powder | Binds to phospholipids alters permeability and damages membrane. | AR ototoxicity |
| Cosopt | Timolol and dorzolamide | Glaucoma | Opt solution | Dorzol-inhibits carbonic anhydrase 2 in ciliary process. Tim- beta1/2 blocker. | Wait 15 minutes before contact use. |
| Coumadin/Jantoven | warfarin | Anticoagulant | Inj Powd, tab | Antagonizes vit K, causes dec in hepatic vit K clotting factor. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Int: Many, Contra: many |
| Cozaar | Losartan | Hypertension | Tab | Block angiotensin 2 from binding to AT1. | Hepatic metab. AR: rhabdomyolysis |
| Cubicin | Daptomycin | Bacterial infection | Inj powd | Binds to cell membrane, causes depolarization. | Renal exc. NOT FOR LUNGS. AR myopathy |
| Cymbalta | Duloxetine | Depression | Cap DR EC pellets | Inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake. | Hepatic metab. Int: MAOI. BBW: suicide. Contra: MAOI use, uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma. PreC: HTN. Up to 4 weeks for effect. |
| Demadex | Torsemide | Edema | Inj, tab | Inhibits Na/K/Cl carrier system in loop of henle. Exc Na/Cl and water. | Hepatic metab. Contra: sensitive to sulfonamides, anuria. |
| Depakote ER | Divalproex (valproic acid) | Seizure | Cap DR, SprinkCap, Inj, syrup, Tab DR, tab ER | Inc GABA available | Hepatic metab. BBW: hepatic failure, pancreatitis, teratogenic. AR: alopecia. |
| Desyrel | Trazodone | Depression | Tablet | Inhibits serotonin uptake by brain. Inc behavioral effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan | Hepatic metab, biphasic elimin. AR: priapism, no large quantities to suicidal/depressed pts. |
| Detrol LA | Tolterodine | Urinary urgency/incontinence | Cap ER, Tab | Competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist, inc in residual urine, dec detrussor pressure | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Contra: urinary retenion, gastric retenion, uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma |
| Diflucan | Fluconazole | Fungal infection | Infusion, Powd oral, tab | Inhibits gamma-14 alpha demethylation of fungal cells. | Renal exc. AR abdominal pain, taste perversion, rash, ALT/AST elevation. |
| Dilantin | Extended phenytoin sodium | Seizures | Cap ER, Cap PR, Inj, Susp, ChewTab | Inc extrusion of Na ions from neurons and cardiac myocytes. SOA motor cortex. | SS 10-20mcg/ml. Hepatic metab, renal exc. AR: nystagmus |
| Dilaudid | Hydromorphone | Moderate to severe pain | Inj (solu, powd), liquid, Rsuppos, tab | Binds to opioid receptors in CNS. Cough suppression. | Hepatic metab. Renal exc. Contra: severe asthma. AR: nystagmus, taste perversion, xerostomia. Dependence. |
| Diovan | Valsartan | Hypertension | Tab | Block angiotensin 2 and binding at AT1. | Fecal exc. D/C if prego suspected. |
| Diprivan/Lusedra | Propofol/Fopropofol | Anesthesia | Inj emulsion | Sterically hindered alkyl phenolic compound. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Contra: sensitive to eggs, soy. Flu-like symptom for up to 3 weeks. |
| Duragesic/Actiq | Fentanyl | Moderate to severe pain | Patch | Opioid analgesic, mu receptor. | Hepatic metab. AR: hypoventilation, hypotension, hallucinations, euphoria, urinary retenion. Flush patch. |
| Dyazide/Maxzide | Hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene | Edema/hypertension | Cap, Tab | Triam: inhibits Na reabsorption. HCTZ-inhibits reabsorption of Na/Cl at distal tubule. | Renal exc. Conra: anuria, hyperkalemia, sensitive sulfonamides, using K+ sparing diuretics. AR: hyperglycemia, photosensitivity, impotence |
| Effexor/Pritiq | Venlafaxine/desvenlafaxine | Depression | Cap ER, tab | Potent inhibitor of neuronal 5HT and NE reuptake. Weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Int: MAOI, ASA, NSAID. BBW: suicide risk. PreC: HTN. AR: impotence, dec libido. Must Taper. |
| Effient | Pasugrel | Reduces thrombotic CV events with unstable angina | Tab | Blocks ADP receptor on platelets. Reduce activation, aggregation. | GI metab, hepatic metab, renal exc. Contra: Active bleed, history of TIA or stroke. BBW: cause bleeding, >75yo. AR: hyperlipidemia. |
| Elavil | Amitriptyline | Depression | Tab | Inhibits membrane pump mechanism for reuptake of NE and 5HT. | Onset up to 4 weeks. Int: MAOI. Contra: MAOI, acute MI recovery. AR: blurred vision, urinary retenion. |
| Elimite/Nix | Permethrin | Head lice/scabies | Cream | Inhibits Na influx through nerve cells membrane channels in parasites. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Contra: sensitive to chrysanthemums. Clothing/bedding must be washed. Can repeat in 7 days. |
| Epogen/Procrit | Epoetin alfa | Anemia | Inj | Induces erythropiesis, release of reticulocytes. | Fecal exc. Contra: sensitive to albumin, uncontrolled HTN. BBW: CV events, tumor growth, DVT risk. |
| Evista | Raloxifene | Osteoporosis | Tab | SERM. Dec bone resorption, dec in total and LDL cholesterol. Estrogen antagonist at uterine, breast. | Hepatic metab, fecal exc. Contra: prego, venous thrombolic events, DVT, pulmonary embolism, retinal vein thrombosis. D/C 3 days before immobility. AR: hot flashes, weight gain, edema, sweating. |
| Fioricet | Butalbital, caffeine, acetaminophen | Headache | Tab | APAP: analgesia, Butal: sensory cortex depression. Caff: CNS stimulation | Int: CNS depressants, dec INR. Contra: porphyria |
| Flagyl | Metronidazole | Bacterial infection | Cap, Tab, Tab ER, ointment, gel, cream, IV, vaginal | Unstable intermediate which binds to DNA causing breakage and cell death. | Renal exc. INC INR. Contra: sensitive to nitromidazole, first trimester. AR: metallic taste. Disulfiram rxn with alcohol. |
| Flexeril | Cyclobenzaprine | Muscle spasms | Tab | Acts on brainstem. Reduction of tonic somatic motor activity on both alpha and gamma motorneurons. | Renal exc. Contra: congestive HF, hyperthyroidism, cardiac arrhythmias, conductive disturbance, acute MI recovery. AR: taste disturbance, blurred vision. |
| Flomax | Tamsulosin | Urinary symptoms d/t BPH | Cap | Selective alpha blocking of receptors in prostate. Relax prostate and bladder neck. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Rule out prostate carcinoma. AR: abnormal ejaculation. |
| Flonase/Flovent | Fluticasone | Allergic rhinitis | Inhaled susp | Corticosteroid. | Hepatic metab, renal and fecal exc. PreC: adrenal suppression, immunosuppression, kaposi sarcoma. Avoid chicken pox exposure. |
| Folic Acid | Folacin/Pteroylglutamine acid/folate | Anemia | Inj, tab, solu | Stimulates WBC and platelet formation. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Int: phenytoin. AR: prenicious anemia, gasping syndrome. |
| Foradil/Brovana | Formoterol/Arformoterol | Asthma/COPD | Cap | Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by selective action on beta2 receptors with little effect on heart rate. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Int: MAOI and tricycles. BBW: may inc asthma related death. Do not swallow capsules. |
| Fosamax | Alendronate | Osteoporosis | Oral solu, tab | Inhibits bone resorbption by working on osteoclasts. | Renal and fecal exc. Int: Ca or antacids. Contra: hypocalcemia, esophagus abnormalities. Renal adjust. Must sit/stand for 30min. |
| Gentamicin/Tobramycin | Gentamicin/Tobramycin | Bacterial infection | Cream, infuse, inj, oint opt, oint top | Interferes w/ bacterial wall synthesis by binding to 30S and 50S | Renal exc. BBW: pregos. AR: neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, ototoxic. |
| Glucophage XR | Metformin | Diabetes mellitus | Tab ER | Dec hepatic glucose formation, dec intestinal absorption of glucose, improves insulin sensitivity | Renal exc, Int: alcohol inc lactic metabolism. Prec: dec B12 absorption, lactic acidosis, GI upset, metallic taste. Contra: SrCr>1.5M, 1.4F, lactic acidosis. Parts of tablet may be in feces. |
| Glucotrol | Glipizide | Diabetes mellitus | Tab ER | Stimulates insulin release, reduces glucose from liver, insulin sensitivity inc at peripheral targets. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Contra: sensitive to sulfonamides, T1DM, juvenille or unstable. Ketoacidosis. |
| Humalog | Insulin lispro, rDNA origin | Diabetes mellitus | Inj solution | Rapid acting insulin analog. DOA<5 hours. | Renal exc. AR: hypokalemia. |
| HydroDIURIL | Hydrochlorothiazide | Edema/hypertension | Tab | Inhibits Na reabsorption in distal tubules. | Renal exc. Int: Inc lithium levels. AR: muscle cramps/weakness, hypokalemia. Contra: sensitive to sulfonamides, anuria, renal decompensation, prego. Monitor glucose closely. |
| Imdur | Isosorbid mononitrate | Angina | Tab ER | Systemic vasodilation, dec preload, dec LV end diastolic volume and pressure. | Hepatic metab, renal and fecal exc. PreC: alcohol may inc hypotension. AR: HA. Contra: sensitive to organic nitrates, concurrent use w/ PDE-5 inhibitors, angle closure glaucoma, head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, severe anemia. |
| Imitrex/Sumavel DosePro/Treximet | Sumatriptan/Sumatriptan and ibuprofen | Migraine headache | Solu inj, Nasal solu, tab | Selective agonit for 5HT 1B and 1D in cranial arteries, causes vasoconstriction, reduces sterile inflammation. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Int: ergots, MAOI. AR: tight feeling in head or chest, vertigo. Contra: ischemic HD, cerebrovascular syndromes, peripheral vascular syndrome, uncontrolled HTN, Use w/in 24 hours of ergotamines or 5HT1 agonist |
| Inderal LA | Propranolol | Hypertension | inj solu, oral solu, tab | Non-selective blockade of beta adrenergic receptors | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Int: toxic effects w/ verapamil. Lidocaine, ergots, epinephrine. Contra: uncompensated congestive HF, cardiogenic shock, severe sinus bradycardia or heart block, severe hyperactive airway disease. Hepatic dose adjustment. |
| InFED/Venofer | Iron dextran complex/Iron sucrose | Anemia | Inj solu | Release iron from plasma stores, replenishes sstores in the bone marrow to incorporate into hemoglobin. | Renal and fecal exc. Int: ACEI. AR: arrhythmias, change in urine color. Contra: none irone deficient anemia, BBW: deaths associated with parenteral use (anaphylaxis), only use when pt cannot have PO. Test dose for anaphylaxis. |
| Isoptin/Calan SR | Verapamil | Angina, hypertension, arrhythmias | Caplet SR, Tab SR, inj | Inhibits Ca from entering slow channels in heart. Coronary smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilation, inc O2 delivery, dec AV conduction. | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Int: BB and prazosin inc therapeutic/toxic effects. AR: constipation, edema. Contra: severe LV dysfunction, hypotension, SSS, 2/3rd block, aflutter, afib. |
| Januvia | Sitagliptin | Diabetes mellitus | Tab | Inhibits DPP causing inc incretin levels which inc insulin synthesis, dec glucagon release dec'ing hepatic glucose production. | Renal exc. Int: inc digoxin level. Contra: T1DM, ketoacidosis. PreC: pancreatitis |
| Keflex | Cephalexin | Bacterial infection | Cap, tab, powd susp | Binds to PBP | Renal exc. Int: estrogen absorption, flase+ urine glucose. INC INR AR: diarrhea, hives/itching. PCN cross allergy |
| Keppra | Levetiracetam | Seizures | Inj solu, oral solu, tablet | Inhibition of N Ca channels, facilitations of GAB, reduction of K current | Renal exc. PreC: psychosis, suicide, withdrawl. |
| Lactulose | Lactulose | Chronic constipation | Solu oral, solu rectal | Bacterial degredation causes acidic pH and inhibits NH3 from diffusing into blood, NH3 diffuses into gut, osmotic effect | GI metab, need colon flora for activation, renal and fecal exc. Int: antacids. Contra: galactosemia. Diarrhea may indicate overdose |
| Lamictal | Lamotrigine | Seizures | Tab, chew tab | Inhibits release of glutamate, inhibits voltage Na channels to stabalize membranes. | Hepatic and renal metab. Renal exc. Int: valproic acid, contraceptives. AR: rash. BBW: skin rash, blood dyscrasias |
| Lamisil | Terbinafine | Fungal infections | Oral granules, tab, topical solut, gel, cream | Inhibits squalene epoxidase | Hepatic metab, renal exc. PreC: hepatic cirrhosis, lupus. May cause altered taste |
| Lanoxin | Digoxin | Heart failure/atrial fibrillation | solu oral, inj solu, tab, cap | Inhibits N/K ATPase pump in myocardial cells, promotes Ca influx to inc contractility. AV suppresion inc refractory period and dec conduction velocity | GI metab. Int: diuretics cause electrolyte issues. Additive with verapamil. AR: gynecomastia. Contra: VFib. Can cause yellowing of vision. |
| Lantus | Insulin glargine (rDNA origin) | Diabetes mellitus | Inj solut | Long acting insulin analog. | Skin metab, renal exc. AR hypokalemia. |
| Lasix | Furosemide | Edema/hypertension | Solu inj, solu oral, tab | Inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl in ascending loop of henle and distal tubule. | Renal and fecal exc. Int: AMG inc auditory toxicity. AR: hearing loss, weakness, muscle cramps. Contra: anuria, BBW: fluid/electrolyte loss. |
| Levaquin | Levofloxacin | Bacterial infection | Solu inj, solu oral, infuse, tab | Inhibits DNA gyrase, promotes DNA breakage. FQ | Renal exc. BBW: tendon rupture, prolonged QTc. PreC: <18 yo. Chelation, photosensitivity |
| Levemir | Insulin detemir | Diabetes mellitus | Inj solu | Intermediate to long acting insulin analog. | Renal exc. AR: hypokalemia, blurred vision. |
| Lexapro | Escitalopram | Depression | Tab, oral solu | Selectively inhibits reuptake of 5HT | Hepatic metab, renal exc. Int: MAOI. AR: ejaculation disorder. Contra: concurrent use of MAOI or pimozide. BBW suicide risk. |
| Lidoderm | Lidocaine | Topical anesthetic | Patch, oint, cream topical, cream rectal | Blocks initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by dec'ing membrane permeability of Na ions | Hepatic metab, renal exc. AR: hypotension, bradycardia. Contra: Adam-stokes syndrome, severe cases of SA, AV heart block. Corn allergy with pre-mixed injection. Remove for MRI scans. |
| Lipitor | Atorvostatin | Elevated cholesterol | Tab | Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase | Hepatic metab, bile and renal exc. Int: inc Dig levels. Contra: acute liver disease, unexplained persistent inc LFTs, prego, breast feeding. |
| Lithonate/Lithotab | Lithium carbonate | Bipolar disorder | Tab, syrup, solu, SR Tab, Cap | Alters cation transport across cell membrane in nerve and muscle cells. Influecen reuptake of 5HT and NE. | Renal exc. Not metabolized. Int: toxic w/ haloperidol. AR: N/V/D, drowsy, blurred vision, tinnitus, extreme polyuria. Contra: Severe CV or renal disease, dehydration, Na depletion, prego. BBW lithium toxicity. May have altered taste. |
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