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Reformation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was Reformation | 1450-1600 change in religion, splitting of catholic church + creation of new religions began in Germany 16th century New Christian religions led to wars between catholic and new religions |
| Causes of reformation | wealth of church influence of printing press abuses of catholic church power of king and princes influence of renaissance |
| What were the SNAPS | Simony nepotism absenteeism pluralism sales of indulgences |
| Problem with clergys | Uneducate + lived scandolous lives |
| Influence of renaissance | Printing press spread word fast in vernacular language + people brave enough to share their opinions |
| Martin Luther | Born Saxony Germany end of 15th century Educated at University of Erfurt wanted to be a lawyer, became monk after vow to St. Anne during a storm, studied theology at university of Wittenberg |
| Main Problem with church | didn't agree with indulgences believed in justification by faith alone |
| Why did he get mad at the church | Church sent John Tetzel to Wittenberg to sell indulgences |
| What did Luther do in retaliation | 1517 wrote 95 theses nailed them to chruch of Wittenberg's door, friends printed the list and it circulated |
| What did Pope Leo X do in return | sent a papal bull saying to recant his views in 60 days or else, luther burned the papal bull and got excommunicated |
| Consequences of his actions | Told to appear in Diet of worms and apologize, he refused and was labelled a heretic |
| What did he do next | Kidnapped by his friend Fredrick Elector of Saxony and brought to Wartburg castle where he rewrote the bible in German, Started his own religion Lutheran |
| Luthers Religion | Spread throughout Germany Led to wars about religion, to solve treaty of Augsburg was signed |
| Treaty of Augsburg | Stated each ruler was free to decide the religion of his/hers state. Catholics left Lutheran states, and vise versa |
| Reformation outside germany | John Calvin + Henry the VIII= reformers, Henry VIII started protestant religion in England, Calvin set up Calvinism in Switzerland, Henry set up Church of England. |
| John Calvin | Set up Calvinism/Presbyterianism believed in predestination, John Knox brought Presbyterianism to Scotland then to Ireland during the plantation. |
| Henry VIII | Devout catholic changed for personal reasons, wanted divorce pope said no, act of supremacy henry became head of church of England act of dissolution monasteries closed, henry kept most catholic beliefs |
| How did the Catholic Church Attempt to fix itself | the council of Trent, The inquisition, new orders |
| Council of trent | A meeting with all the leaders held in Trent Italy over 18 years, They decided to remove the SNAPS, clergies must be educated in a seminary and clergies cannot be married. |
| The Inquisitions | Church Courts in Spain and Rome to deal with people who broke the new rules, any one who did would be burned to the stake, Auto da Fe |
| New Orders | Church tried persuading people to join back by creating orders like the Jesuits set up by Ignatious Loyola, successfully stopped the spread of new religions in some parts of the world |
| Ignatious Loyola | Set up the order Jesuits, he was a Spanish soldier but read the bible while he was injured wrote a book Spiritual Exercises |
| what did his order do and why was it so successful | he organized his group like an army, very disciplined and they worked as missionaries in areas that turned protestant, went beyond Europe and converted non Christians in Brazil and India the most famous missionary was St. Francis Xavier |
| what else did the jesuits do | set up schools e.g. Crescent, limerick and Clongowes, Kildare |
Created by:
James Kane
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