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Physio #2 Weeks 7-13
Nightingale Physiology, Weeks 7-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The mechanisms that produce and maintain the resting membrane potential do so by producing a | balanced distribution of positive and negative ions between the outer and inner surface of the plasma membrane. |
| Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (below the usual RMP) is called | depolarization |
| The magnitude of the action potential peaks when the sodium channels close. | False |
| Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential? | The sodium pump has moved Na+ to the outside of the plasma membrane. |
| Which of the following statements about amino acid neurotransmitters is incorrect? | They are all inhibitory neurotransmitters. |
| Serotonin is an example of a(n): | amine neurotransmitter |
| Within the nervous system, coding for the strength of a stimulus is accomplished through: | the frequency of nerve impulses. |
| Which of the following is true of spatial summation? | Neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron. |
| Which is true of an action potential? | The outside of the plasma membrane is negatively charged, and the inside is positively charged. |
| A reflex consists of either a muscle contraction or a | glandular secretion. |
| The somatic motor system includes all the _____ motor pathways _____ the CNS. | voluntary; outside |
| Acetylcholine can stimulate _____ receptors. | nicotinic |
| Nerves that innervate the floor of the pelvic cavity and some of the surrounding areas are found in the _____ plexus. | coccygeal |
| If the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. | sensory perception |
| Sympathetic responses generally have widespread effects on the body because: | preganglionic fibers synapse with several postsynaptic fibers. |
| The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased. | False |
| Afferent nerves or fibers are found only in the _____ nervous system. | sensory, autonomic |
| Which of the following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation? | Constriction of the bronchioles |
| The spinal tract that is located in the side of the cord, originates in the brain, and terminates in the spinal cord is the _____ tract. | lateral corticospinal |
| Which of the following is not associated with the oculomotor nerve? | Closing and opening of the eye (blink reflex) |
| Which hormone is released by the pituitary to stimulate the thyroid gland? | thyrotropin |
| Which of the following is true about pain receptors? | Alpha fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain. |
| Which of the following is a function of glucagon? | Tends to increase blood glucose concentrations |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? | Chemical messenger travels a short distance. |
| Fluid shift is when... | the body's fluids move between the fluid compartments. |
| The process of red cells are production in the marrow of certain bones is referred to as | Erythropoiesis |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | leukopenia. |
| Blood volume per kilogram of body weight varies inversely with: | body fat. |
| Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? | aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors |
| Fluid that is clear, watery and contains protein molecules, salts, and other substances is called | intercellular fluid |
| Millions of B cells release millions of | antibodies |
| The body’s defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms; these are | innate and adaptive immunity. |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
| The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form | effector T cells and memory cells |
| An obstructive lung disorder that is characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles in the wall of the bronchial air passages is | asthma |
| Hyperpnea means a(n) | increase in breathing |
| The compound formed when carbon dioxide combines with hemoglobin is | carbaminohemoglobin. |
| The PCO2 in the atmosphere is: | less than in the alveolar air. |
| During inspiration, the expansion of the lungs causes: | a decrease in alveolar pressure. |
| If the tidal volume of a given individual is 500 ml, then the anatomical dead space is approximately _____ ml. | 150 |
| During which stage of swallowing is there a risk of food entering respiratory pathways? | Oropharyngeal |
| Fats and other nutrients in the duodenum stimulate the intestinal mucosa to release a hormone called | gastric inhibitory peptide. |
| Because fats are insoluble in water, they must be | emulsified |
| Cellulose is a residue of digestion that comes from: | carbohydrates. |
| The hormone thought to be a messenger causing release of digestive enzymes from the intestinal mucosa is: | vasoactive intestinal peptide. |
| Bicarbonates are useful in the GI tract to: | neutralize hydrochloric acid. |
| The major site for the absorption of the end products of digestion is the: | small intestine. |
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alishalynne93
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