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Negro leagues innovated entertainment at baseball games (T/F)
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Final Exam SM 203
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Birthplace of modern sport | England |
| Negro leagues innovated entertainment at baseball games (T/F) | True |
| Number of sport management programs in North America | 400 |
| First recognized Jockey Club | Newmarket |
| "She-ro of MLB"- advocated for integration of MLB | Effa Manley |
| Where are sport management programs housed in universities? | All of these are correct (Colleges of Education and Human Development, Schools of Business, Schools of Kinesiology) |
| When were the first Modern Olympics held? | 1896 |
| Thoroughbred horse racing in the mid-eighteenth century | existed primarily for the entertainment of wealthy club members |
| Ability of workers to identify and acknowledge emotions when they occur, allowing rational thoughs... | emotional intelligence |
| Minority + women percentage in sport management | 35, 40 |
| role of managers can be challenging as they try to... | all of these are correct (utlize appropriate skills to meet needs of employees, assess the needs of their employees, reach organizational goals and objectives) |
| T/F: MLB and NFL have yet to live-stream games | False |
| Which leagues are growing internationally? | All of them (NBA, NFL, MLB) |
| Fan identification | The personal commitment and emotional involvement customers have with a sport organization |
| group of consumers to whom a product is marketed | Target market |
| T/F: eSports enthusiasts are predominantly female | False |
| Bill Veeck | Two-parter: believed fans came to be entertained, product extended beyond sport |
| In 1992, the San Jose Sharks utilized _________ to help gain information about fan reaction to proposed logo and uniform desings | Pass-by interviews |
| Equity | amount of money owners have invested in firm |
| Why have no rival leagues to American sport leagues emerged? | Players have less incentive to jump and lack of viable cities and markets to play |
| Assets | anything that an organization owns that can be used to generate future revenues |
| T/F: Pro leagues are monopolies that face direct competition for the producs and services they produce | False |
| Philosophy behind a hard salary cap is to | constrain all franchises to spend the same amount on payroll |
| T/F: Title IX bars discrimination in education agaisnt women only | False |
| What area of law has left an indelible mark on the structure and nature of labor relations in pro sports? | Antitrust law |
| Which of the following is not an example of judicial review of an athletic association decision | The decision involves an on-field decision by an umpire or ref |
| When would vicarioius liability not apply? | When a security guard working for an independent contractor harms a patron at a New England Patriots game |
| Codes of conduct may be considered counterproductive if: | All of these are correct (organization does not commit, too long or complex, try to intimidate employees into acting morally) |
| Ethical decision making | is similar to the regular decision-making process in business situations in that there is a given structure to follow |
| Absolutism | argues that moral precepts are universal |
| One of the biggest distinctions between moral decision making and other ethical decisions is | The extensive ramification of immoral choices |
| T/F: In 2013, the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Dance changed its name to the Society of Health and Physical Educators (SHAPE) | True |
| Head injuries in youth and high school sports has led to... | Flag football becoming the fastest-growing sport among children aged six to 14 |
| Formally organized athletic participation, particularly those programs run under the auspices of secondary educational institutions emerged during what time period | Durign the mid-nineteenth century |
| T/F: High school sports were seen as detrimental to student retention and graduation rates | False |
| T/F: Football was a very popular sport among high school students and became the first organized competition between two high school teams | False |
| The Little League governance structure | is organized on four levels: local, district, regional and international |
| The NFHS does all of the following except | NFHS does all of these mentioned: compiles national records, national coordiantor for sports as well as activities, coordinates certification |
| Students should know that the apprentice system is still used | False |
| Knight Commission spurred legislative changes except... | conference realignment (financial practices, recruiting, academics) |
| Approximately waht proportion of peiople with disabilities live in low and middle income countries | 80% |
| This university president was a pioneer at the turn of the 20th century in reforming college football and the number of deaths and injuries that were occuring: | President MacCracken of New York U |
| T/F: Faculty and college administrators got involved in the governance of intercollegiate athletics in the 1880s in order to curb the use of paid student athletes | False |
| T/F: Women's basketball coaches have not yet reached the @1 million mark for salaries | False |
| Which of the following is not one of the philosophy principles followed by D1 institutions? | Maximize the number and variety of athletic opportunities available to students |
| Which of the following is not one of the important decisions made by members of the IOC during the General Assembly? | Which companies shoudl be recruited as TOP sponsors |
| Whcih of the following is a critical issue associated with the globalization of sport? | All of these are correct (sport and environment, cross-border player migration, power of the sport media) |
| T/F: Thousands of nonsantioned sport academiies have emerged in low and middle income countries yet are often exploited for financial gains by the operators of the academies | True |
| T/F: IPC is a committee of the IOC | False |
| T/F: 3 years before the Olympic games are a crucial time for organizers to recruit staff | True |
| T/F: Employers view cocurricular activities positively in entry-level job candidates | True |
| T/F: Because of sport's unpredictable nature and the fact that it is produced as it is consumed, marketing of sport presents unique challenges to sport managers | True |
| T/F: Desire and ability to engage in principled decision making often distinguish superior sport managers from their peers | True |
| T/F: Professional video gamers and esports participants are now often considered athletes | True |
| How much was the NFL concussion/head trauma lawsuit settlement? | $1 billion |
| Many individuals are not fans of salary caps because they | All of these are correct |
| Pro golfers must earn a right to compete on PGA Tour annually. How do they qualify? | All of these steps |
| T/F: Many lawsuits concering a sport agent's incompetence, fraud and breach of fiduciary duties involve financial planning and investing | True |
| Five key problems in the sport agency profession do NOT include | the agents' lack of understanding of the rules of the game |
| What league first created the position of commissioner to govern the best interests of the sport? | MLB |
| T/F: WNBA league and teams are primarily female-operated organizations | true |
| For what NFL owners was the cross-ownership ban in the NFL eased? | Business owners Wayne Huizenga of the Miami Dolphins and Paul Allen of the Seattle Seahawks |
| Strikes are much more disruptive in pro sports than in mainstream business because | players have unique talents and cannot be replaced with temporary replacement workers |
| T/F: In 1876, North America's first pro league, the National League, was organized | True |
| A collective bargaining agreement covers | All of these: wages, terms and conditions of employment, hours |
| Which one does not describe the ways that players associations support players | Providing them with equipment and instruction to enable them to perform at the highest-possible level |
| T/F: As pro sports grew and became televised nationally, opportunities for athletes to endorse products decreased | False |
| When negotiating an endorsement contract the agent should be certain to maintain the client's exlusive rights and control over his or her | iamge and other endorsements |
| Who was the endorsement king of the pre-MJ era | Arnold Palmer |
| All of the following were publicly financed stadiums effieciently built with the intention of housing both a football and a baseball team except | Meadowlands (new stadiums are built for single purpose) |
| The difference between the economic impact upon a municipality by a convention center as opposed to a stadium or arena built for housing sporting events is... | the increased presence of visitor spending within a municipality |
| T/F: The trend over the past two decades has been single-purpose stadiums | True |
| Is responsible for landing and scheduling events for a facility. | Booking director |
| All of the following are major advantages to private management of public assembly facilities except | Better sport team performance |
| Are almost always publicly owned facilities built to lure business meetings to a municipality | Convention centers |
| Redmandarin is a London-based sport marketing agency that FOCUSES on advising corporations on how to maximize their involvement with sponsorship opportunities. They are known as a | specializied agency |
| A sport marketing and event management agency is defined as a business | initially established to represent the legal and marketing interests of athletes |
| T/F: The validity of a waiver used by events to reduce the potential for a lawsuit is determined by the law in each state, and therefore will vary across state lines | True |
| T/F: ESPN opts to manage the summer and winter X Games in-house, which are a direct result of the growth in sports television | True |
| Fundraising as a marketing tool is usually used and appropriate for what types of events? | Cause-related marketing efforts and charitable events |
| As a result of the passage and singing by the gov of North carolina's House Bill 2 | the ACC decided to move all of its 2016-17 tournaments and championship events out of the state of North Carolina |
| When a sport marketing and event management agency limits either the scope of services performed or the type of clients serviced, it is known as | a specialized agency |
| T/F: When trying to reach only those people the organization wants to reach, the sport organization should utilize the inside sales method? | False |
| T/F: Innovation in the sales process and methodologies within the sport industry have often been more advanced then those used in other service industries | False |
| Historically, the sales process placed an emphasis on | filling seats through the mass dissemination of free tickets to attract fans |
| Direct e-mail solicitations are advantageous in that they provide an opportunity to | measure the effectiveness of the direct email campaign |
| Mark McCormack, founder of IMG, explained that selling consists of all of the following except | having a winning team or product (McCormack cared about identifying, getting to your customers and increasing their interest in your product and services) |
| What approach should the sport organization follow when the product or service package the sport organization is selling does not meet the specific wants or needs of a consumer | Benefit selling |
| T/F: The Los Angeles Olympic Games were able to make a profit for the host city b/c of the large number and diversity of corporate sponsorships they signed | False |
| In measuring ROI from sport sponsorships, ocmpanies have used all of the following methods except | Qscroes scale (measures marketability of athletes) |
| ROI is defined as | financial gain the company realizes as a result of their sponsorship |
| The concept requiring that the sponsor commit financial resources in support of its sponsorship through promotion and advertising that thematically includes the sport property's imagery is known as | activation |
| Which of the following are typical of the contractual commitments made by sport sponsors? | A rights fee in the form of a cash payment |
| T/F: Optical tracking software and camera systems have been key to automating gathering sports data | True |
| T/F: Proximity marketing is a form of location based advertising powered thorugh data based profiles | True |
| Beacons are located in stadiums...they are part of a ______ marketing strategy | proximity |
| The three basic components of a sports analytics program as applied to teams, leagues, and a variety of sports industry stakeholders are: | data management, predictive models and information systems only |
| Who said, "The signal is the truth. The noise is what distracts us from the truth?" | Nate Silver |
| The first commercial radio broadcast was | November 2, 1920- KDKA Pitsburgh |
| All the major pro sport leagues have launcehd their own networks. List in choronological order the launching of each of the following. | NBA TV, NFL Network, NHL Netowrk, MLB Network |
| What college athletic program was the first to create a television network devoted just to their school? | University of Texas |
| As a condition of granting a license for use of video highlights, a rightsholder can insist on having the right to approve the content of the program containing its footage. | True |
| In 1970, Monday Night Football debuted. It was the first sports programming series | in primetime |
| T/F: The athletic footwear segment of the sporting goods industry does not include hiking shoes and boots | False |
| Which sporting goods company promoted grassroots sports competitions as a means to boost sales? | Spalding |
| Which of the following is not an example of a vchain sporting goods store? | All of these are chains (Dick's, Champs and Marshall's) |
| Before Title Ix, most administrators and coaches of women's intercollegiate sport teams were... | women |
| Sport sociology examies which of the following? | Organizations of groups |
| What does ACA stand for? | American Camping Association |
| State forests, state parks, national forests and national parks are representative of what form of recreation | Public recreation |
| T/F: Sport serves as a unifier | True |
| Steering minority players away from the QB position is a form of | stacking |
| What should be your first step in the career prep process? | self-reflection |
| T/F: Women are participating at a higher rate in outdoor activitiy than ever before. | True |
| How much of sporting good sales are from big stores (chains)? | 25% |
| Largest sport retailer in revenue | Walmart ($9.6 billion in sales) |
| How much does online market make for sporting goods market? | 14% |
| Leaders among sporting good manufacturers | Nike and Adidas |
| UA | Declining but signed a 10-year 90 million dollar contract with Notre Dame and 10-year partnership with MLB |
| Global commerce | Global sourcing-business turns to a foreign company to manufacture products for cheap |
| recreation industry | key characteristics sets it apart from other parts of sports industry is DIRECT PARTICIPATION |
| Leisure time grew when? | During Industrial era because people looked to divert attention from work and then grew after WWII with economic growth |
| Community based recreation | implies that participants are united by a common interest in recreation at the local level (parks, YMCA, Girls and Boys Club) |
| Public recreation | Supported by state and federal agencies |
| outdoor recreation | Nearly half of people in U.S. participated in at least one outdoor activity, more than 144 million annually |
| Running, jogging, trail running | top outdoor rec activities |
| campus rec | includes any rec activity provided by colleges or universityies. 3 of four students participate in campus rec |
| Therapeutic rec | uses recreational activities as a means to improve a participant's physical, emotional and mental health |
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