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Midterm
Civics: Midterm Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| meaning of “Civics” | study of citizenship and government |
| what is a citizen | a legally recognized member of a country |
| by law, what does a citizen have | rights and responsibilities that differ by country |
| what is a "government" | (1) The organization inside a state that controls the actions and policies of the state (2) the organizations, institutions, and individuals who exercise political authority over a group of people |
| purpose of a "government" | To end the state of nature and give people certain protections. |
| What was Hobbes' philosophy of the type of government people should have? | He believed in a single sovereign ruler with total authority over people. A monarchy style government. |
| What was going on in Hobbes' life that caused him to want a Monarchy style government? | He grew up during a time of Civil War. |
| meaning of ‘state of nature' | No rules, No one in charge, No one to protect your rights, "Chaos". |
| Hobbes version of a Social contract | One way system of rights. People lose the right to change government. |
| meaning of ‘blank slate | (1) People learn things according to what they are exposed to. (2) People learn by their life experiences. |
| meaning of ‘natural rights' | Rights people are born with. |
| Some natural rights are ... | Life, Liberty, Property |
| Locke’s version of a Social contract | A two-way system where the government had to show it is helpful to the citizens. If the citizens are not happy, they can change the government. |
| An Oligarchy form of government happens if | A small group of people are in control |
| A Junta form of government happens when | The Military takes over the country |
| An Autocracy form of government is when | (1) The power to rule is in the hands of one person. (2) One person has all the power |
| A Monarchy form of government is | led by a king or queen whos power is inherited |
| A Dictatorship form of government is | when one person holds all the power through force, and citizens have no rights. |
| Anarchy is when | (1) There is no form of government. (2) No one is in charge |
| A Democracy form of government is | A government that gets its power from the people, not kings, military, dictators |
| A Direct Democracy form of government is | when all the Citizens make government decisions together |
| A Representative Democracy form of government is | when the Citizens elect others to govern on their behalf |
| A Theocracy form of government is | when a government is run by religious rules and laws |
| The 4 requirements to be a Sovereign State (independent country) are | they must have a population, territory, sovereignty, and a government. |
| the meaning of population | Group of people who are Citizens or members of a state |
| the meaning of territory | The area in which a state’s rule apply |
| the meaning of sovereignty | The ability to rule absolutely, such as set laws, within a territory. |
| the 4 roles of government are | #1. Make Laws or (make economic and legal decisions) #2. Protect the State or (national security) #3. Keep Order or (maintain social order) #4. Help Citizens or (provide public service) |
| An example of a government "Making Laws" | Freedom of speech, children under 14 can’t work |
| An example of a government "Protecting the State" or "National Security" | Army, Navy, military |
| An example of a government "Keeping Order" or "Maintain social order" | Police or other law enforcement agencies. |
| An example of a government "Helping Citizens" or "Providing Public Service" | public schools, public hospitals, building roads |
| The 6 factors (parts) of the Rule of Law | #1: Order and Security #2: Legitimacy #3: Checks and Balances #4: Equal Application of the Law #5: Procedural Fairness #6: Access to Justice |
| Rule of Law's "Order and Security" means | Means = The police are present and laws are obeyed Example = People feel safe. Robbers get arrested, people are protected. |
| Rule of Law's "Legitimacy" means | Means = People believe in the laws and their application of the laws. The laws are fair and meaningful to them. |
| Rule of Law's "Checks and Balances" means | Means = Part of the government can have too much power so that they may control another part. Each part is separate from the other so they can check on each other. |
| Rule of Law's "Equal Application of the Law" means | Means = the punishment or law must be applied the same way for everyone. Rich and poor get the same punishment and protection |
| Rule of Law's "Procedural Fairness" means | Means = The punishment must fit the crime. Acting fairly in decision making. Example = Don't punish someone more harshly just because you wanted to, or they were poor or rich, or you had a bad day |
| Rule of Law's "Access to Justice" means | Means = everyone must have the access to the courts, or judges. Rich, poor, male, female must all have equal access. Example = If you can't read, someone reads to you. If you don't speak English, someone will translate for you |
| the 5 limits of government are | #1: Constitution #2: Rights of the Minority #3: The Rule of Law #4: Separation of Powers #5: Consent of the Governed |
| The "Constitution" is | the rulebook for a country's government. It explains the type of government, how laws are made, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens |
| The "Rights of the Minority" means | ensure everyone is treated equally or fairly |
| The "Rule of Law" is | a set of procedures to make sure the law is enforced. No one is above the law and everyone must follow the rules |
| The "Separation of Powers" is | used to ensure no one person or part of the government gets too much control |
| The "Consent of the Governed" is | when Citizens give permission for the government to exist, and can use their vote to change the government |
| With "Voting Rights", a citizen has the power to | approve or disapprove laws and change the government |
| For the Ancient Greeks (Athens), the Assembly is | The gathering of all the citizens, usually to vote on laws |
| For the Ancient Greeks (Athens), the Council of 500 is | A smaller legislative body whose purpose is to make decisions that would later be voted on by the entire assembly |
| The number of Citizens chosen for the Ancient Greek's (Athens) Council of 500 depended on | their population. The more people, the more representatives they get in the council |
| For the Ancient Greeks (Athens), If you were charged with a crime, you went to | The People's Court |
| What influenced our Founding Fathers when creating our Government | They studied different philosophies, other governments, some ancient societies such as Greek, American Indian, and British governing bodies |
| Why would a society create a constitution | To establish a shared standard on how people should behave and guidelines for what to do if they didn't |
| A "legislative body" is | a group of people who make laws |
| Explain why Athens and Rome had two different democracies. Include the type of democracy each used. | Athens used a Direct Democracy while Rome was too big, its population and territory was large, so it had to use a Representative Democracy |
| Explain the difference between a Monarchy and a Republic. | Monarchy: The ruler attempts to keep power at any cost, and the power is kept in the family. Republic: Citizens elect their leaders and there are checks and balances. |
| Explain the reason for the sudden end to the Enlightenment Period. Why did people stopped talking about changes in government? | People stopped talking about changing their government out of fear of being killed (hanged) for treason. Why? - extra info: After the colonies fought for independence, all other governments feared it could happen to them! |
| Explain the reason for William Blackstone’s Common Law reference books | At that time, the different courts kept their own records of rules, causing some courts to have to recreate laws. By combining all the laws into one book for everyone to reference, the laws and rules become more uniform or the same around the country! Why? - extra info: This is why we have a "constitution", or document containing our basic laws and structure of our government in one common referenced location. |
| Explain how the Founding Mothers, women, were treated throughout the centuries | Women were not treated equally as men. Women had no rights, were not considered citizens, could not vote, they were not allowed to go to school |
| Explain what Benjamin Franklin meant by “Join or Die” | "Join or Die" moto was to encourage the colonists to stick together for strength in numbers. As a large group, the colonists could stand against the British. If colonies start to drop out, the group will weaken and the British will surely win. Anyone who spoke against the British would be put to death as a punishment. |
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