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introduction trail
introduction chapter trail guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the muscle that carries out an action is called the _____, whereas the muscle that resists this action is the ____. | agonist, antagonist |
| Please name the three physical characteristics which help to distinguish muscle from other tissues _____, ____ | striated texture, direction of muscle fibers, it can be in contracted or relaxed state |
| To distinguish a tendon from a ligament, explore its ___ and ___. | attachments, variable tension |
| Name three types of connective tissues that are palpable ___, ___, ____ | tendon, ligament, fascia, periosteum, retinaculum, aponeurosis, adipse |
| fascia is a continuous sheet of ___ located beneath the __ and around muscles and organs. | fibrous membrane, skin |
| A sharp shooting sensation felt locally or down the corresponding appendage during palpation may be caused by ____ | compression or impingement of a nerve |
| ____ a voluntary contractile tissue that moves the skeleton | muscle |
| ____ two types- superficial and deep | fascia |
| ___ a vessel easily seen on the dorsal surface of the hand | vein |
| ___ a vessel in which a pulse can be felt | artery |
| ___ a small, fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between two structures | bursa |
| ___ a broad, flat tendon | aponeurosis |
| ___ a structure connecting bones together at a joint | ligament |
| ___ easy to distinguish by its solid feel | bone |
| ____ bean-shaped vessel that becomes tender when compressed | lymph node |
| __ a transverse thickening of deep fascia, strapping down tendons | retinaculum |
| ___ the largest organ in the body | skin |
| ___ attaches muscles to bone | tendon |
| ___ tissue with a gelatinous consistency | adipose |
| a tube-shaped vessel that becomes tender when compressed | nerve |
| what are the "trail markers" that will help you locate muscles and tendons? | bony landmarks |
| Since there are different body types and the terrain is never the same, explain how one "body map" could apply to all of them. | even though the topography, shape, and proportion are unique, the body's composition and structures are virtually identical on all individuals. |
| What does "palpation" mean? | to examine or explore by touching (an organ or area of the body), usually a diagnostic aid |
| palpation is an art and skill that involves _____ a structure, becoming ____ of its characteristics, and ____ its quality or condition. | locating, aware, assessing |
| Laying one hand on the other allows the bottom hand to stay receptive while the top hand ____ and ____ | directs movement, depth |
| Name three ways palpation can be made easier by "working smart". | read information, visualize what you are trying to access, verbalize to your partner what you feel, locate the structure first on yourself, read the text aloud, be patient. |
| When outlining the shape or edge of a bone, it is best to roll your fingers ___ rather than ____ its surface. | across, along |
| if the structure you are palpating is moving, your hands should _____. | stay still |
| When a movement is performed by your partner it is called ____ and when your partner relaxes and allows you to do the movement it is called _____. | active, passive |
| In the trail guide to the body, resisted movements are used to distinguish the _____, ____, and _____ of different muscles and tendons | lengths, shapes, edges |
| as you improve your palpatory skills, what are three qualities or principles you will want to practice? _____, ______, ______. | move slowly, avoid using excessive pressure, focus your awareness- be present |
| Skeletal muscle is composed of nerves, blood vessels, ____, and _____. | muscle cells, layers of connective tissue |
| A muscle's connective tissue layers merge at either end of the muscle to form a strong ____. | tendon |
| ____ further toward the back of the body | posterior |
| ___ a structure of the arm or leg that is further away from the trunk | distal |
| ___ further toward the front of the body | anterior |
| ___ a structure closer to the feet | inferior |
| ____ a structure closer to the bodys surface | superficial |
| ____ a structure of the arm or leg that is closer to the trunk | proximal |
| ___ closer to the midline of the body | medial |
| further away from the midline of the body | lateral |
| ___ a structure deeper in the body | deep |
| a structure closer to the head | superior |
| ____ a movement that moves a limb laterally away from the midline | abduction |
| ___ a limb at the shoulder or hip turns in toward th emidline | medial rotation |
| __ a limb at the shoulder or hip swings away from the midline | lateral rotation |
| ___ a movement bringing the radius and ulna parallel to one another | supination |
| ___ ankle movement stepping on the car's gas pedal | plantar flexion |
| ___ a combination of flexion, extensions, adduction, and abduction | circumduction |
| ___ when the head or vertebral column bends laterally to the side | lateral flexion |
| ___ a movement of the head and vertebral column along the transverse plane | rotation |
| ___ a movement that bends a joint or brings the bones closer together | flexion |
| ___ ankle movement letting off the car's gas pedal | dorsiflexion |
| ___ a movement that straightens or opens a joint | extension |
| ___ a movement that brings a limb medially toward the body's midline | adduction |
| ___ a movement when the radius crosses over the ulna | pronation |
| the ____ divides the body into left and right halves | sagittal plane |
| the ___ or ___ plane runes down the center of the body | midline, midsagittal |
| the ___ or ___ planes divides the body into front and back portions | frontal or coronal |
| the ___ divides the body into upper and lower parts | transverse plane |
| the __ means closer to the head | cranial |
| the __ means closer to the buttocks | caudal |
| ___ is movement that straightens or opens a joint | extension |
| ___ is movement that bends a joint or brings the bones closer together | flexion |
| ___ of a joint brings a limb medially toward the body's midline (adding to the body) | adduction |
| ___ moves a limb laterally away from the midline (abduct or carry away) | abduction |
| ___ is when a limb/joint turns towards the midline | medial rotation |
| ___ is when a limb/joint moves away from the midline | lateral rotation |
| circumduction is only possible at ____ and ___ joints | shoulder and hip |
| elevation and depression refer to the movement of the ___ and __ | scapula and jaw |
| ____ is movement superiorly (closer to the head) | elevation |
| ___ is movement inferiorly (closer to the feet) | depression |
| plantar flexion and dorsiflexion can only apply to the | ankle |
| ____ is performed by moving the ankle to point your foot into the earth or stepping on a gas pedal. | plantar flexion |
| ___ is performed by moving the ankle away from the earth or lifting off the gas pedal | dorsiflexion |
| inversion and eversion occur as a combination of movement between several joints in the __ | feet |
| ___ (turns in) brings the foot medially | inversion |
| ___ (turn out) brings the foot laterally | eversion |
| ___ and ____ pertain to the scapula, clavicle, head, and jaw | protraction and retraction |
| ___ (protrude) moves anteriorly (towards the front) | protraction |
| ____ is movement posteriorly (towards the back) | retraction |
| ___ means to wander from the usual course | deviation |
| ____ occurs at the mandible during talking or chewing | lateral deviation |
| ____ happens only at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb | oppostion |
| ___ occurs when the thumbpad crosses the palm towards the last (pinkie) finger | opposition |
| ___ on your spine to lie face up | supine |
| __ is to lie on the table face down | prone |
| the ___ skeleton is the skeletons center it includes the cranium, vertebral, column, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone | axial |
| the _____ (appendages) skeleton is composed of the arms and legs including the pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle) and pelvic girdle (hips) | appendicular |
| a ____ is the point of contact between bones | joint |
| a ____ structure determines its function | joint |
| ___ joints however contain a joint cavity | synovial joints |
| a ___ joint is a spherical surface of one bone fits into the dish-shaped depression of another bone. | ball-and-socket |
| a ___joint allows only flexion and extension, similar to the movements of a door hinge | hinge joint |
| a ___ joint is usually between two flat surfaces and allows the least movement of all synovial joints. | gliding joint |
| the ____ joint consists of the oval-shaped end of one bone articulating with the elliptical basin of another bone. | ellipsoid joint |
| the ___ joint permits for flexion/extension and abduction/adduction | ellipsoid |
| a ____ joint is a modified ellipsoid joint composed of concave and concave articulating surfaces- like two saddles. | saddle joint |
| a ___ joint is designed to allow one bone to rotate around the surface of another bone. ex rotation of the head | pivot joint |
| Which of the following does NOT occur with activation of the parasympathetic nervous system? A. contraction of the bladder B. decreased heart rate C. dilation of the pupils D. airway constriction | C |
| What shape of muscle is the gluteus medius? A. bipennate B. multipennate C. parallel D. triangular | Triangular |
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xokitty17xo
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