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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece SS6

TermDefinition
acropolis cities built upon hilltops to help defend against invaders
agora market place
Sparta city state on inland of Peloponnesian Peninsula; very strong military society; simple lives of hard work and physical activity
Spartan Social Classes Spartans helots (middle class) slaves
oligarchy form of government that is ruled by a few people with power
anarchy no government in control; everyone does whatever they want
theocracy government controlled by religious leaders
Athens city state located on Attica (Balkan peninsula); aristocracy government then democracy later on (first democracy in the world); social classes based on wealth
aristocracy government ruled by a small group of wealthy citizens (a form of oligarchy)
Olympics physical events held every 4 years that the city states competed in
Golden Age (Athens) a time when the best of the arts, architecture, and learning took place
Golden Age achievements *architects built temples, theaters, and buildings *Athens became important cultural center *plays about tragedy/comedy written *scientists studied nature and human life
Herodotus writer and historian who recorded achievements of Golden Age
Hippocrates "Father of Modern Medicine" *realized illness came from natural causes and not punishments from gods *doctors today follow his rules of behavior (Hippocratic oath)
academy special school where future leaders were taught
plague deadly disease
Alexander the Great student of Aristotle born in Macedonia; was very ambitious and conquered many lands in southwestern Asia; spread Greek culture throughout the empire
patron supporter
mythology a collection of myths, or traditional stories, handed down from generation to generation
democracy form of government where the people rule (directly or through elected representatives) government in ancient Athens
Geography of Greece very mountainous making travel rough; many inlets on coast were used as harbors; led to separate city states; travel by boat was widely used
What united Greeks *common ancestors *Gods controlled events in life and nature *Olympics *written language *religion *mythology
league a group of allies
tragedy a serious play with an unhappy ending
comedy play designed to make audience laugh
demagogue leader who stirs up feelings and fears of people to gain personal power
diffuse spread (things such as culture)
expedition journey of exploration
legacy something handed down or left by someone who died
scholar seeker of knowledge
helots middle class citizens from Sparta's neighboring states
Pericles leader of Athens during the Golden Age after Persian Wars paid government officials which allowed poorer citizens to be part of government supported learning and the arts wanted Athens to be powerful conquered land in Egypt
philosopher person who loves to learn, think, and teach
Socrates philosopher who used criticism of government to encourage people to think about life; felt it was important to obey the law
Plato student of Socrates who believed a ruler should be a person of good character; started an academy for future leaders
Aristotle went to Plato's school; Alexander the Great's teacher
autocracy form of government in which a single person holds power (monarchy, dictatorship)
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