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VET 109- A + P
Tissues- chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tissue Types | -epithelial tissue -connective tissue -muscle tissue -nervous tissue |
| Epithelial Tissue | a polar, avascular tissue that is composed of sheets of cells that cover and line other tissues. -protect, line, filter substances, absorb nutrients, provide sensory input, manufactures secretions/excretions |
| Basement Membrane | foundation of the epithelial cell, also known as "basal lamina." Nonliving fibers that cement epithelial cell to underlying connective tissue. |
| Simple Squamous Epithelium | type of epithelium that's delicate, thin, smooth, and flat. Only occurs in protected regions of the body, lines surfaces that involve gas or liquid. |
| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium | type of epithelium that is composed of a single layer of cube shaped cells. Nuclei align centrally in a single row. Occur in sheltered regions of body where secretion/absorption take place. Important role in endocrine/exocrine tissue |
| Simple Columnar Epithelium | type of epithelium that is elongated and closely packed together. Associated w absorption and secretion. Nuclei aligned in a row at the base of the cell near the basement membrane. |
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium | type of epithelium that's multilayered. Protects underlying tissues and occur in areas subject to mechanical and chemical stresses. Outer surface continually being worn and replaced. |
| Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium | type of epithelium that's 2 layers of cuboidal cells. Protects underlying tissues. Found primarily along large excretory ducts. |
| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium | type of epithelium that is attached to the basement membrane, most are ciliated. Cell nuclei are found at different levels across the length of the tissue. Assists in preventing debris in lungs. |
| Transitional Epithelium | stratified epithelium w a basal layer of cuboidal or columnar cells and a superficial layer of cubodial or squamous cells, found in areas of the body required to expand/contract, forms a leak-proof membrane. |
| Gland | groups of cells that manufacture and discharge a secretion |
| Secretion | specialized protein molecules produced in and discharged from the cell |
| Endocrine Glands | glands that don't have ducts or tubules and whose secretions are distributed through the body. Produce and secrete hormones into bloodstream/lymphatic system. |
| Exocrine Glands | glands that possess ducts, discharges secretions directly into nearby areas. Act locally, don't enter the circulation. Unicellular or multi |
| Goblet Cell | only unicellular exocrine gland, secretes mucin (mucus). Ductless and composed of modified columnar epithelial cell. |
| Merocrine | exocrine gland package their secretions into granular units and release them via exocytosis as they are manufactured. Cells remain intact during the secretory process. |
| Apocrine | exocrine gland that involves the loss of the apex. Does not release granules until apex is full, cell pinches into 2 and releases apex, cell repairs damage and repeats. |
| Holocrine | exocrine gland that stores granules until needed. Entire cell is destroyed when it secretes. |
| Connective Tissue | tissue that's found everywhere in the body. Derived from mesoderm, composted of nonliving extracellular matrix. Vascularized, can be elastic/rigid/liquid. |
| Ground Substance | fluid portion of extracellular matrix |
| Connective Tissue Fibers | solid portion of extracellular matrix |
| Collagenous Fibers | connective tissue fiber that is strong and thick strands of collagen. Organized into long bundles, lots of tensile strength. White fibers |
| Reticular Fibers | connective tissue fiber that is thin/delicate branched networks of collagen. Provides support for highly cellular organs. |
| Elastic Fibers | connective tissue fiber that is branched networks of the protein elastin. Complex networks but lack tensile strength. In tissues that stretch a lot. Yellow fibers. |
| Fixed Cells | cells that remain in the connective tissue, involved in production and maintenance of the matrix. |
| Transient Cells | cells that pass in and out of the connective tissue, involved in the repair and protection of tissues. |
| Loose Connective Tissue | -areolar, adipose, reticular |
| Dense Connective Tissue | -dense regular, dense irregular, elastic |
| Areolar Tissue | tissue where fibers and cells are suspended in a tick translucent ground substance. Predominant cell is fibroblast. Surrounds every organ and envelopes blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. |
| Adipose Tissue | areolar tissue in which adipocytes predominate, fat. Highly vascular, acts as an energy storehouse. White and brown |
| Reticular Connective Tissue | tissue that has a network of thin reticular fibers, loosely arranged fibers/fibroblasts in a supportive ground substance. Forms the stroma (framework of several organs). |
| Dense Regular Connective Tissue | tissue that is composed of tightly packed parallel collagen fibers. Relatively avascular, can be found in fascial sheets that cover muscles. |
| Dense Irregular Connective Tissue | tissue that is composed primarily of collagen fibers arranged in thick bundles. Fibers are interwoven to form a single sheet. |
| Elastic Connective Tissue | tissue that is primary composed of yellow elastic fibers, found in few regions, occurs where stretching happens. May be arranged parallel or interwoven w fibroblasts/collagenous fibers interspersed. |
| Cartilage Types | -hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage |
| Cartilage | helps prevent bone from rubbing against one another, composed of chondrocytes which live in lacunae, avascular. |
| Hyaline Cartilage | most common and rigid type of cartilage, found in growth plates of long bones. Composed of closely packed collagen and enclosed w/ perichondrium |
| Elastic Cartilage | type of cartilage that contains elastic fibers in dense branching bundles, is flexible and can withstand repeated bending. |
| Fibrocartilage | type of cartilage usually found merged w/ hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue. Well designed to take compression. Contains thick bundles of collagen fibers w/ fewer chondrocytes and lacks a perichdrium |
| Bone | matrix is organic collagen fibers and inorganic calcium salts, well vascularized, forms the skeletal frame. |
| Blood Matrix | the ground substance of this word is plasma, and the fibrous component is protein. |
| Types of Cells | -erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes |
| Membranes | thin protective layers that line body cavities, separate organs, and cover surfaces. Composed of multicellular epithelial sheets |
| Types of Membranes | -mucous, serous, cutaneous, synovial |
| Mucous Membrane | type of membrane that lines organs with connections to the outside environment. Usually composed of either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium |
| Submucosa | connective tissue layer that connects the mucosa to underlying structures. |
| Serous Membrane | type of membrane that lines walls and covers organs. Consists of two layers (parietal and visceral). |
| Cutaneous Membrane | type of membrane that is always exposed to the outside environment. Composed of an epidermis and dermis. |
| Epidermis | part of the cutaneous membrane that is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Responsible for the waterproof quality of skin and aids in moisture loss prevention. |
| Dermis | part of the cutaneous membrane that is dense irregular connective tissue. Contains collagenous, reticular, and elastic fibers which allow skin to be strong and elastic. |
| Synovial Membranes | membrane that lines the cavities of joints. Composed of loose connective tissue and adipose covered by a layer of collagen fibers/fibroblasts. |
| Muscle Tissue | composed of actin and myosin fibers. Three types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac |
| Skeletal Muscle | muscle tissue controlled through conscious effort, striated, large cells, bundles of fibers help by loose connective tissue. |
| Smooth Muscle | muscle tissue that cannot be consciously controlled, has small spindle-shaped cells that have no striations, founds in the walls of hollow organs/exocrine glands/along the respiratory tract. |
| Cardiac Muscle | muscle only found in the heart. Entirely involuntary and striated. Contains special pacemaker cells. |
| Nervous Tissue | tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Composed of neurons and supporting neuroglial cells |
| Neurons | longest cells in the body composed of three parts: perikaryon, dendrites, and axons |
| Neuroglial Cells | cells that support the neurons. |
| Inflammation | initial nonspecific response to injury or disease, body's attempt to isolate the area. |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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