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HIST216 Mid-Term
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Operation Barbarossa | Invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and some of its Axis allies in June-December 1941. Named after Frederick Barbarossa, a 12th-century Holy Roman emperor and German king. |
| Hitler | The dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and then assuming the title of Führer in 1934. |
| Facism | A form of government run by a dictatorial power. Fascists believe the state takes precedence over individual interests and rule with absolute dominance. |
| Communism | Derived from Karl Marx and Marxism, Communism is a political system focusing on classless society in which the major means of production, are "owned" and controlled by the public. |
| Appeasement Policy | Britain's policy in the 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked with the intention to prevent another world war. |
| Tojo | Prime minister and Chief of General Staff of Japan (1941–44) during most of the Pacific theatre |
| Battle of Midway | June 3–6, 1942, fought on the midway islands almost entirely with aircraft. United States destroyed Japan’s first-line carrier strength and most of its best trained naval pilots. Midway ended the threat of further Japanese invasion in the Pacific |
| Battle of Britain | One of Hitler's first major set backs. The RAF defended the United Kingdom against attacks by Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe. Jul 10, 1940 – Oct 31, 1940 |
| ENGIMA | A field unit used in World War II by German field agents to encrypt and decrypt messages and communications. |
| Bletchley Park | A British government crypto logical establishment during WWII. Where secret enemy messages were decoded, including encrypted German ENGIMA messages. |
| Battle of France | One of Hitler's first major invasions, the German invasion of France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands saw a NAZI victory during WWII. |
| Maginot line | A line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications |
| Charles De Gaulle | Led the Free French forces in resisting Nazi German forces during WWII. He later became president of France in the immediately following the war |
| Philippe Petain | A World War I French general who would later be imprisoned for treason. Petain would assume control of the state of France once the nation had been defeated by the Germans. |
| Vichy France | An authoritarian regime lead by Philippe Petain and was founded in 1940 after the Nazis had occupied France. |
| Battle of Singapore | Took place in the South–East Asia. Japan captured the British stronghold of Singapore. Fighting would last Feb 8, 1942 – Feb 15, 1942 |
| Colonel Jimmy Doolittle | an American military general and aviation pioneer who received the Medal of Honor for his daring raids on Japan during World War II. He is most famous for leading a daring bombing raid over Tokyo in 1942, the first American attack on the Japanese mainland |
| MAGIC | Magic was the cryptanalysis project where United States efforts to break Japanese military and diplomatic codes during World War II. |
| Mussolini | Mussolini was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 1943 |
| Battle of Crete | Was fought on the Greek island of Crete. It began when Nazi Germany began an airborne invasion of Crete. Greek and other Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, defended the island. May 20, 1941 – Jun 1, 1941 |
| Stalin | Formally and axis threat turned allied force, Soviet political leader who governed the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953. He and Lenin lead the Russian revolution. |
| Ribbentrop-Molotov Non-Aggression Pact | German-Soviet pact. was a non-aggression pact in which each signatory promised not to attack the other. gave Adolf Hitler a free hand to attack Poland without fear of Soviet intervention |
| Tri-Partite Pact | Agreement concluded by Germany, Italy, and Japan on September 27, 1940, one year after the start of World War II. It created a defense alliance between the countries. The formation of the axis powers. |
| U boats | Undersea boat, Naval submarines operated by Germany. They were most effectively used in a naval blockade against the enemy. |
| Kriegsmarine | The new German Nazi navy at the time that was superior to Germany's previous navy. 1935 to 1945 |
| Karl Donitz | A brief successor to Hitler until the collapse of the Nazis in May 1945. German naval officer and creator of Germany's World War II U-boat fleet |
| T-tank34 | Is a Soviet medium tank introduced in 1940, famously deployed with the Red Army during World War II against Operation Barbarossa. |
| Chang Kai-Shek | Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China from 1928 until 1949. |
| Mao Tse-tung | Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party. Responsible for the death of millions due to Communism. |
| Treaty of Versailles | Formally ending WWI. The terms of the treaty required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies |
| Alsace-Lorraine | It was created in 1871 by the German Empire during the Franco-Prussian War. The collapse of France in 1940 was followed by the second German annexation of Alsace-Lorraine |
| ME 109 | Light air superiority fighter German aircraft that was a major contributor in the Luftwaffe's fighter force. First flight May 1935 |
| Heinckel HE 111 | 1935 German bomber aircraft. Could carry 1700kg of bombs in its first iterations. |
| Georgy Zhukov | Russian general He was responsible for the successful defense of Moscow, Stalingrad, and Leningrad against German forces and eventually pushed them back to Germany. |
| Luftwaffe | Component of the German armed forces tasked with the air defense of Germany and fulfillment of the country's airpower commitments abroad. |
| Hermann Goering | German politician, military leader and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ace, |
| Hirohito | Emperor of Japan during WWII who seemingly had little control over his military as Tojo was the lead figure in military operations. |
| Fumimaro Konoye | Japanese politician and prime minister. During his tenure, he presided over the Japanese invasion of China in 1937 and the breakdown in relations with the United States which ultimately culminated in Japan's entry into World War II |
| Yosuke Matsuoka | Yōsuke Matsuoka was a Japanese diplomat and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Empire of Japan during the early stages of World War II. |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, during the Second World War, best remembered for successfully leading Britain through World War Two. |
| Neville Chamberlain | British politician of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1937-1940. Seen as weak due to no actions taken against Germany during their expansion. |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | 32nd president of the united states. Currently has the record for longest sitting president in American history. 1933-1945 |
| Joachim von Ribbentrop | Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany from 1938 to 1945. A high-ranking member of the Third Reich, . He is considered to have been the most powerful Nazi brought to justice. |
| Anschluss | Anschluss, German: “Union”, political union of Austria with Germany, achieved through annexation by Adolf Hitler in 1938 |
| Battle of the Coral Sea | United States and Australian naval airplanes prevented Japanese navy plans to occupy Port Moresby, New Guinea. May 1942 |
| Douglas MacArthur | General of the Army for the United States. He played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. oversaw the successful Allied occupation of postwar Japan |
| Arthur Percival | British officer who surrendered the highly fortified British fortress in Singapore. |
| Francisco Franco | Spanish general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, |
| Spanish Civil War | One of Europe's bloodiest times that resulted in the Spanish Nationalists taking over Spain. They would later be neutral during wwii. |
| Blitzkrieg | German lightning war, offensive warfare designed to strike a swift, focused blow at an enemy using mobile, maneuverable forces, including armored tanks and air support. Such an attack ideally leads to a quick victory, |
| Rape of Nanking | Jap troops launched a campaign of atrocities against civilians. Japs butchered an estimated 150k male prisoners massacred an additional 50k male civilians raped at least 20k women/girls of all ages, many were mutilated/killed in the process |
| Trace and explain what elements, events, and causes pushed Japan into aggressor during World War II? Make sure to review the course of activities from 1919 to 1940 and how they shaped Japan’s stance | |
| What elements, events, and causes lead Germany to embrace Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party? Make sure to draw upon significant events in the 1920s and 1930s that led to this. Political, economic, political, and strategic initiatives into this discussion. | |
| Hitler’s military strategy in Europe from 1938-1941 was masterful. Explain what elements were the strong points of his plan? Also, explain his shortfalls and how these impacted him later. Include at least three different battles. | |
| Z-Day, the high point of the Japanese in the Pacific theater. What strategic objectives of this policy and what areas did it target? How successful were Japs in achieving goals? Where did they fall short? Include at least three areas of operation |
Created by:
Parker H.
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