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Vet. Parasitology
Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Veterinary Parasitology | The study of parasitic relationships affecting domesticated, wild, exotic, and laboratory animals |
| Symbiosis | Any association (temporary or permanent) between at least two living organisms of different species |
| Symbiont | Each living organism in a symbiotic association |
| Predator-Prey Relationship | An extremely short-term relationship in which one symbiont benefits at the expense of the other; the prey pays with its life and serves as a food source for the predator (lion vs. zebra) |
| Phoresis | The smaller member of the symbiotic relationship is mechanically carried about by the larger member |
| Mutualism | Describes an association in which both organisms in a symbiotic relationship benefit |
| Commensalism | Describes an association in which one symbiont benefits and the other is neither benefited nor harmed |
| Parasitism | An association exists between two organisms of different species in which one member (the parasite) lives on or within the other member (the host) and may cause harm; the parasite becomes metabolically dependent on the host |
| What are the 5 symbiotic relationships? | Predator-prey, phoresis, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism |
| Parasitiasis | Type of parasitic relationship in which the parasite is present on or within the host and is potentially pathogenic/harmful, but the animal does not exhibit outward clinical signs of disease |
| Parasitosis | Type of parasitic relationship in which the parasite is present on or within the host and does produce obvious injury or harm to the host animal |
| Ectoparasite | Parasite that lives on the body of the host |
| Ectoparasitism | Parasitism by an external parasite |
| Infestation | A condition caused by an ectoparasite outside or on the host's body |
| Endoparasite | Parasite that lives within the body of the host |
| Endoparasitism | Parasitism by an internal parasite |
| Infection | A condition caused by an endoparasite within the host's body |
| Parasiticides | Chemical compounds used to treat specific internal and external parasites; includes anthelmintics, acaricides, insecticides, and antiprotozoals |
| Anthelmintics | Chemical compounds developed to kill roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, and thorny-headed worms |
| Acaricides | Chemical compounds developed to kill mites and ticks |
| Insecticides | Chemical compounds developed to kill insects |
| Antiprotozoals | Chemical compounds developed to kill protozoan organisms |
| Aberrant Parasites/Erratic Parasites | Parasite that has wandered from its usual site of infection into an organ or location in which it does not ordinarily live |
| Incidental Parasite | A parasite that is found in a host in which it does not usually live |
| Facultative Parasite | An organism that is "free living", or nonparasitic, that can become parasitic in certain hosts |
| Obligatory Parasite | A parasite that must lead a parasitic existence; non capable of "free living" |
| Periodic Parasite | A parasite that can make frequent short visits to a host to obtain nourishment or other benefits (like female mosquitos); does not have to live on/within the host |
| Pseudoparasites | Living creatures or inanimate objects that re not parasitic but may be mistaken for, or erroneously identified as, parasites |
| Definitive Host | Host that harbors the adult, sexual, or mature stage of the parasite |
| Intermediate Host | Host that harbors the larval, juvenile, immature, or asexual stages of the parasite; transfers parasites from one definitive host to another |
| Encysted | Encapsulated in suspended animation |
| Paratenic Host/Transport Host | A host used for transport of parasite; the parasite does not go through any developmental stages |
| Reservoir Host | A vertebrate host in which a parasite or disease occurs in nature and is a source of infection for humans and domesticated animals |
| Homoxenous/Monoxenous Parasite | A parasite that infects only one type of host |
| Senoxenous Parasite | A parasite with a narrow host range |
| Euryxenous Parasite | A parasite with a very broad host range |
| Zoonosis | Any disease or parasite that is transmissible from animals to humans |
| Classification Scheme | Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species |
| Common Name | Non-scientific name for a living organism in different regions of the world; may refer to different organisms in different places |
| Scientific Name | Name for a living organism that is composed of two Latin words, usually written in italics; consists of the genus name and the specific epithet |
| Genus Name | The group a particular type of animal, parasite, or plant belongs to |
| Specific Epithet | The type of animal in a genus |
| What are the 5 kingdoms in the classification scheme? | Plantae (plants), Animalia (animals), Protista (unicellular organisms), Monera (algae), and Fungi |
| Accession Number | A log-in number to identify a submitted biological sample for a patient; the assigned accession number identifies all parameters related to the case, especially the results of diagnostic procedures |
| Central Record Book | Usually kept in the lab to record observations about the appearance of fecal samples and any parasites that were found |
| Field | Each circular area of the slide seen through the coverslip |
| Specific Gravity | The weight of an object (parasite egg) compared with the weight of an equal volume of pure water |
| What are the 5 solutions mentioned that are used for fecal flotation? | Sheather solution, sodium nitrate solution, saturated sodium chloride solution, zinc sulfate solution, and magnesium sulfate solution |
| Qualitative Testing | Indicates the presence or absence of parasite ova, cysts, or larvae |
| Quantitative Testing | Indicates the number of eggs or cysts present in one gram of feces |
| Sporulation | A process of development that takes place within the oocyst |
| Necropsy | Postmortem examination or autopsy of an animal |
| Aliquot | A known percentage of the total volume |
| Baermann Technique | Type of diagnostic technique in which nematode larvae are collected using gravity (sedimentation) |
| Occult Blood | Blood present in small amounts so as not to be visible to the unaided eye |
| Feathered Edge | Thinnest part of a blood smear at the edges |
| Occult Infection | Parasitic filarial infection without the presence of microfilariae |
| Amicrofilaremic | Referring to the absence of immature microfilariae |
| Skin Scraping | A procedure used to find mites on the surface or just under the skin |
Created by:
KaleighMichelle
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