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Middle Ages Part One
Vocabulary for the Early Middle Ages
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the loyalty of a citizen to his or her government or of a subject to his or her sovereign | allegiance |
| an overseer of a landed estate or farm | bailiff |
| a promise that a marriage will take place | betrothal |
| to declare a deceased person to be a saint and entitled to be fully honoured as such | canonize |
| the principal church of a diocese, containing the bishop's throne | cathedral |
| the part of a military force composed of troops that serve on horseback | cavalry |
| the condition or quality of being pure or chaste | chastity |
| the domain of a count or earl; a shire | county |
| that portion of a manor not granted to freehold tenants but either retained by the lord for his own use and occupation or occupied by his villeins or leasehold tenants | demesne |
| a period of dry weather, especially a long one that is injurious to crops | drought |
| the male ruler of a duchy; the sovereign of a small state | duke |
| something that one is expected or required to do by moral or legal obligation | duty |
| of or pertaining to the church or the clergy; churchly; clerical; not secular | ecclesiastical |
| a formal ecclesiastical censure that deprives a person of the right to belong to a church community | excommunication |
| noun: a striking or notable deed verb: to use selfishly for one's own ends | exploit |
| land plowed and left unseeded for a season or more; uncultivated | fallow |
| bearing, producing, or capable of producing vegetation, crops, etc., abundantly; prolific | fertile |
| strict observance of promises, duties, etc. | fidelity |
| a long, narrow arm of the sea bordered by steep cliffs: usually formed by glacial erosion | fjord |
| the feathers on an arrow, which stabilize it during flight; to provide (an arrow) with a feather | fletching |
| a person not in slavery or serfdom; one who possesses the rights or privileges of a citizen | freeman |
| the formal public acknowledgment by which a feudal tenant or vassal declared himself to be the man or vassal of his lord, owing him fealty and service | homage |
| a man of high rank in a feudal society or in one that retains feudal forms and institutions, especially the proprietor of a manor | lord |
| parasitic insect infecting human hair and skin | louse |
| a house or place of residence occupied by a community of persons, especially monks, living in seclusion under religious vows | monastery |
| a man who has withdrawn from the world for religious reasons, living according to particular rules and under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience | monk |
| a person who has been received into a religious order or congregation for a period of probation before taking vows | novice |
| A building for female members of a religious order, especially one bound by vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. | nunnery |
| a primitive form of trial to determine guilt or innocence by subjecting the accused person to fire, poison, or other serious danger, the result being regarded as a divine or preternatural judgment | ordeal |
| a person who journeys, especially a long distance, to some sacred place as an act of religious devotion | pilgrim |
| any widespread affliction, epidemic, calamity, or evil, especially one regarded as a direct punishment by God | plague |
| the bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church | pope |
| an indication or omen of something about to happen, especially something momentous; threatening or disquieting significance | portent |
| a religious house governed by a prior or prioress, often dependent upon an abbey | priory |
| the body, a part of the body, or some personal memorial of a saint, martyr, or other sacred person, preserved as worthy of veneration | relic |
| a person in a condition of servitude, required to render services to a lord, commonly attached to the lord's land and transferred with it from one owner to another | serf |
| a building or other shelter, often of a stately or sumptuous character, enclosing the remains or relics of a saint or other holy person and forming an object of religious veneration and pilgrimage | shrine |
| one of the ancient Scandinavian poets | skald |
| a fabric consisting of a warp upon which colored threads are woven by hand to produce a design, often pictorial, used for wall hangings, furniture coverings, etc. | tapestry |
| a material, as straw, rushes, leaves, or the like, used to cover roofs, grain stacks, etc. | thatching |
| a person who is in bondage; slave | thrall |
| the tenth part of agricultural produce or personal income set apart as an offering to God or for works of mercy, or the same amount regarded as an obligation or tax for the support of the church, priesthood, or the like | tithe |
| a violation of allegiance to one's sovereign or to one's state | treason |
| one of a class of medieval lyric poets who flourished principally in southern France from the 11th to 13th centuries, and wrote songs and poems of a complex metrical form in langue d'oc, chiefly on themes of courtly love | troubadour |
| a person granted the use of land, in return for rendering homage, fealty, and usually military service or its equivalent to a lord or other superior; feudal tenant | vassal |
| noxious, objectionable, or disgusting animals collectively, especially those of small size that appear commonly and are difficult to control, as flies, lice, bedbugs, cockroaches, mice, and rats | vermin |
| a member of a class of partially free persons under the feudal system, who were serfs with respect to their lord but had the rights and privileges of freemen with respect to others | villein |
| a minor or incompetent person placed under the care or protection of a guardian or court | ward |
| a form of wall construction consisting of upright posts or stakes interwoven with twigs or tree branches and plastered with a mixture of clay and straw | wattle and daub |
| the amount of money fixed as compensation for the murder or disablement of a person, computed on the basis of rank, in order to prevent a blood feud | wergild |
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theraabster
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