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Stack #355141
A & P II Chapter 20 Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lacteals | specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa; absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph (chyle) to the blood |
| Innate defense system-1st line of defense | has 2 lines of defense; 1st line of defense is external body membranes (skin & Mucosae. |
| Innate defense system-2nd line of defense | 2nd line of innate defense is antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes and other cells & natural killer cells; Inflammation is its most important mechanism |
| Adaptive defense system a/k/a | Specific immunity-acquired thru exposure to pathogens, bacteria, vuruses and parasites |
| Chief phagocytic cell | Macrophages develop from monocytes to become the chief phagocytic cells |
| 4 cardinal signs of acute inflammation | 1. redness, 2. Heat, 3. swelling, 4. Pain |
| Interferons | Interferons also activate macrophages and mobilize (NK) natural killers. |
| Complement | ~20 blood proteins that circulate in an inactive form; major mechanism for destroying foreign substances; function is to "jack up" the response to the immune system to its highest "active" status |
| Adaptive Defenses (adaptive immune response) | 1. is specific, 2. is systemic, 3. has memory It has two separate overlapping arms 1. Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity (2.) cellular (cell-mediated) immunity |
| Angigens | substances that can mobilize the adaptive defenses and provoke an immune response; most are large complex molecules not normally found in the body (self) |
| Haptens "incomplete antigens" | small molecules (peptides, nucleotides, and hormones; not immunogenic by themselves; are immunogenic when attached to body proteins--body attacks itself to rid itself of incomplete antigen example: poison ivy, animal dander |
| Self-Antigens: | MHC Proteins (self-antigens) on the surface of cell--MHC proteins display peptides (usually self-antigens) |
| Lymphocytes | Originate in red bone marrow; B cells mature in red bone marrow; T cells mature in the thymus |
| Immunocompetence | are able to recognize and bind to a specific antigen |
| Basic Antibody structure: | T or Y shaped monomer of 4 looping linked polypeptide chains; 2 identical heavy (H) chains and two identical light (L) chains; Variable (V) regions of each arm combine to form two identical antigen-binding sites |
| The antibody Class: | IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE (MADGE) only the IgG crosses the plancenta and is the most abundant |
| CD4 cells | become helper T Cells (TH) when activated |
| CD8 cells | become cytotoxic T Cells (TC) that destroy cells harboring foreign antigens |
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