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VET 111 Week 5
Ch 10 Integumentary Diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ear mites, Fleas, Ticks, Mites, Lice and Flies are what type of parasite? | Ectoparasites |
| What are Otodectes cynotis also known as? | Ear mites |
| Where do ear mites live? | Surface of skin in the external ear canal |
| What do ear mites feed on? | Epidermal depris |
| What are the clinical signs of ear mites? | Shacking head, scratching at ear, ear filled with brown-black, crusty exudate |
| How are ear mites diagnosed? | otoscopic exam, microscope |
| How are ear mites treated? | Cleaning the ear canals, apply mitacide into the canal |
| What is Ctenocephalides spp. also known as? | Fleas |
| What do fleas feed on? | Mammals and birds |
| T/F: Flea saliva is highly antigenic | True |
| What are fleas vectors for? | Plague and Tapeworms |
| What are the clinical signs of fleas? | Continuously scratching/biting skin, hair loss at tail base or inner thigh; cats get miliary dermatitis |
| How are fleas diagnosed? | Live fleas, flea dirt, alopecia and crusting at tail base (dogs) or dorsum (cats) |
| What are the two types of flea products? | Topical or systemic |
| T/F: There is a cute for flea allergy dermatitis | False |
| T/F: Fleas live most of their life off of an animal | True |
| What is the brown dog tick also known as? | Rhipicephalus |
| T/F: Ticks are not species specific and will feed on humans | True |
| What do ticks have in their saliva? | Neurotoxin |
| What are the clinical signs of ticks? | Live tick, Arthritis-like symptoms |
| How are ticks diagnosed? | Live tick, History of exposure to wooded, grassy areas, serum "tick titers" |
| How are ticks treated? | Removal of tick, flea collar/flea control, clean all linens/dog beds/cut grass |
| Which ectoparasite lays eggs in soil, penetrates kin and matures in the host's subcutaneous tissue? | Warbles/Cuterebra flies |
| How are warbles diagnosed? | Swelling, larva in fistulas |
| How are warbles treated? | Removal of larvae, flush and sanitize wound, antibiotics (if secondary skin infection is present) |
| Which ectoparasite deposits eggs on wet, warm and/or damaged tissue? | Myiasis |
| What are myiasis also known as? | Fly Strike |
| What predisposes animals to myiasis? | Heavy hair coats and owner neglect |
| What do myasis maggots produce? | "punched out" skin areas |
| What is the treatment for myaisis? | Clip hair, flush and remove, daily cleansing, treat infected wound |
| What is Otitis Externa? | Inflammation of external ear canal |
| What can Otitis Externa result in? | Tympanic membrane rupture and otitis media, ear hematoma |
| What are the predisposing factor of Otitis Externa? | Pendulous-eared dogs, excessive moisture in ear canal |
| What are the clinical signs of Otitis Externa? | Head shaking, Scrathing at pinna, malodorous ears |
| What do cats and rabbits do when they have otitis externa? | Hold their pinna down, tilt head |
| What would be found in a physical exam with an otoscope if an animal has otitis externa? | Redness and swelling of ear canal, crust and exudation, mites |
| What are the primary causes of otitis externa? | Ear mites, Allergies, foreign bodies |
| What are the secondary causes (after scratching)? | Secondary bacterial infections, yeast infections |
| How is otitis externa diagnosed? | Microscopic exam (stain) of canal exudate |
| how is otitis externa treated? | Cleansing of ear canal (daily initialy), commercial ear cleansers, antibacterial/yeast drops |
| When properly treated within what time frame should otitis externa be resolved? | 3 to 4 weeks |
| What is an Auricular hematoma? | Collection of blood within the pinna, between the cartilage plate and surface of the ear |
| Why do auricular hematomas become thickened and firm? | Fibrosis |
| How are auricular hematomas diagnosed? | Physical exam., ear cytology, otoscopic exam |
| How are auricular hematomas treated? | Nonsurgical draining, incision of pinna with sutures |
| What is a pyoderma? | Bacterial infections of skin |
| T/F: Pyodermas can be superficial or deep | True |
| How are pyodermas treated? | Clip & cleanse hair with antibacterial solution, treat with topical and/or systemic drugs |
| What results from the blockage of skin pores? | Feline acne |
| T/F: Feline acne can be acute or chronic | True |
| What causes feline acne? | Plastic bowls |
| What are the clinical signs of feline acne? | Blackheads/ pimple-like pustule lesions; may be ulcerative or purulent |
| How is feline acne diagnosed? | Physical exam |
| How is feline acne treated> | Medicated scrub and change bowl type |
| What is atopy? | Condition resulting from inhalant or skin absorption of environmental allergens |
| What is atopy characterized by? | Production of IgE |
| T/F: Atopy is seen in both dogs and cats | True |
| What are the clinical signs of atopy? | Pruritus of ears and underside of body and face, runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing, salivary staining of fur, erythema, etc. |
| How is atopy diagnosed? | Presenting signs, PE, Hx |
| How is atopy treated? | Immunotherapy or allergen exposure |
| T/F: Atopy is not a lifelong disease | False; Atopy is a lifelong disease that will require long-term management and follow-up |
| What point in life is food allergy common in cats and dogs? | Early in life |
| How are food allergies diagnosed? | Strict food elimination diet, serological and ID testing (questionable reliability) |
| How are food allergies treated? | Hypoallergenic diets |
| What are Acute Moise Pyodermas also known as? | Hot Spots |
| T/F: Hot spots are seasonal | True |
| What are the clinical signs of hot spots? | Rapid appearance of red, hot, moist, painful patches, hair loss over area, severe pruritus |
| How are hot spots diagnosed? | Classic lesion below ear on lateral thigh |
| How are hot spots treated? | Clip fur, gently clean the area, topical/systemic antibiotics and steroids |
| How many anal sac diseases are there? | 3 |
| What are the three types? | Impaction, chronic infection, rupture/abscessation |
| What are the general clinical signs of anal sac disease? | Scooting or licking, foul odor, bloody discharged |
| How are anal sac diseases diagnosed? | Rectal exam, palpate/express the glands |
| How are anal sac diseases treated? | Expression of contents, lavage with antibacterial/antifungal solution, infuse with antibacterial ointment, oral antibiotics, steroid or pain medication |
| T/F: Anal sac disease is unlikely to reoccur | False; anal sac disease tends to reoccur |
| What is a histiocytoma? | Benign, small, buttonlike nodule. |
| What type of dog does histiocytoma occur in almost exclusively? | Young dogs |
| What are the clinical signs of histiocytoma? | Usually hairless, possibly ulcerated. |
| Where are histiocytomas found? | Face, legs, and lips |
| How are histiocytomas diagnosed? | Appearance, FNA, biopsy |
| How are histiocytomas treated? | Excision |
| What is a lipoma? | Benign fatty tumor |
| What are the clinical signs of lipomas? | Round to oval soft, freely moveable, encapsulated subcutaneous mass, typically slow growing but can get very large |
| How are lipomas diagnosed? | FNA, Biopsy |
| How are lipomas treated? | Surgical excision |
| What are papillomas? | Warts |
| T/F: Adults are immune to papillomas for life | True |
| What breed are sebaceous cysts common in? | Cocker Spaniels |
| How are sebaceous cysts treated? | Surgical excision |
| When do Vaccine-Induced Fibrosarcoma's occur? | 4 to 6 weeks after vaccine |
| How are Vaccine-Induced Fibrosarcoma's treated? | Amputation |
| Where do squamous cell carcinoma occur on cats? | Head, ears, nose and neck |
| A cigar-shaped mite that lives in the hair follicles of most dogs and cats. | Demodectic Mange |
| What are the two forms of demodectic mange? | Localized and generalized |
| T/F: Demodex canis is part of normal fauna of skin. | True |
| What are the clinical signs of demodectic mange, localized form? | Alopecia on head/face, forelegs, trunk, erythema, nonpruritic |
| What are the clinical signs of demodectic mange, generalized form? | Febrile, Secondary bacterial infection, entire body surface |
| What age of dog does demodectic mange in its localized form apply to? | Dogs younger than one year |
| How is demodectic mange diagnosed? | Skin scraping |
| How many localized cases resolve with no treatment? | 90% |
| How is generalized demodectic mange treated? | Amitraz and ivermectin |
| What is an intensely pruritic, highly contagious parasite of dogs caused by sarcoptes scabiei mites? | Sarcoptic Mange |
| How is Sarcoptic Mange transmitted? | Close contect |
| What are the clinical signs of Sarcoptic mange? | Red, crusty lesions on ears, elbows, trunk. Intensely pruritic |
| How is Sarcoptic Mange diagnosed? | Skin scraping, response to scabicidal treatment |
| What percent of skin scrapings come back positive with sarcoptic mange? | 20% |
| T/F: Sarcoptic mange is zoonotic | True |
| What is Dermatophytosis also known as? | Ringworm |
| What is the most common ringworm found on dogs and cats? | Microsporum canis |
| Which animals are most susceptible to ringworm? | Young or debilitated animals |
| What are the clinical signs of ringworm? | Rapidly growing circular patch of alopecia, may be red, raised and crusty, hairs appear broken |
| How is ringworm diagnosed? | Wood's light, Culture |
| How is ringworm treated? | Clip hair, antifungal topicals and/or systemics |
| T/F: Ringworm is not infectious to humans | False; Ringworm is infectious to humans |
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