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Give example of a medication from each source:
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Give example of a medication from each source:
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CMA study guide
CMA study guides
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Give example of a medication from each source: Plants | Aspirin, Morphine, Codiene |
| Give example of a medication from each source: Animals | Enzymes |
| Give example of a medication from each source: Minerals | Calcium Carbonate |
| Give example of a medication from each source: Synthetic | Thyazides |
| Chemical name | Scientific name based on compounds chem. structure ex: Propranolol - propan-2-ol |
| Generic name | Describes active ingredient of the drug, way to identify drug |
| Official name | Name given to drug after it's been found to be of therapeutic use |
| Trade name | Drug sold by company under a specific name or trademark |
| Side effects | Undesired effect that occurs when med. is given regardless of dose |
| Local effect | Effect on specific tissues rather than whole body |
| Systemic effect | How drug affects whole body rather than a single organ/tissue |
| Idiosyncrasy | Adverse effect that doesn't occur in most patients |
| Tolerance | When body gets used to a medicine so more med. / different med. is needed |
| Cumulation | Process of blood levels building up of drug, giving therapeutic and toxic effects |
| Synergism | Interaction of two or more drugs with major combined effect |
| Antagonism | Interaction between two or more drugs that have opposite effects on body |
| Absorption | Drugs entering the bloodstream from the site of administration |
| Distribution | Drugs passing into cells and the spaces between cells |
| Biotransformation | Drugs being broken down into substances that can be excreted |
| Excretion | Drugs leaving the body |
| 6 routes of administration for medications | Oral, Sublingual, Nasal, Topical, Inhalation, Vaginal/Buccal |
| Syrup | Heavy sugar and water solution with flavoring |
| Spirit | Alcohol mixed with a volatile oil |
| Tincture | 10-20% drug solution in alcohol and/or water |
| Fluid extract | Highly concentrated alcohol solution |
| Elixir | Solution of alcohol, water, sweetener, and aromatics |
| Emulsion | Oils and fats suspended in water |
| Magma | Mixture of heavy particles and water |
| Gel | Thick mixture of fine particles with water |
| Liniment | Designed to be rubbed in |
| Lotion | Designed to be patted on |
| Ointment | Preparation in a base of lanolin or petrolatum |
| Opthalmic | Sterile preparation for application in the eye |
| 1300 hours | 1pm |
| 1000 hours | 10am |
| 1230 hours | 12:30pm |
| 2:30 pm | 1430 hours |
| 9:00 am | 0900 hours |
| 3:45 pm | 1545 hours |
| ac | before meals |
| ASA | aspirin |
| ad lib | as desired |
| ax | axillary |
| bid | 2 times a day |
| cap | capsule |
| C | celsius |
| elix. | elixer |
| et | and |
| F | farenheit |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| GM | gram |
| H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
| K+ | potassium |
| L | left |
| mg | milligram |
| ml or cc | milliliter/cubic centimeter |
| MOM | milk of magnesia |
| noc | night |
| NS | normal saline |
| PO | by mouth |
| OD | right eye |
| OS | left eye |
| OU | both eyes |
| pc | after meals |
| per | through or by |
| q | every |
| qh | every hour |
| QID | 4 times a day |
| q2h | every 2 hours |
| q4h | every 4 hours |
| s | without |
| ss | semi or half |
| SL | sublingual (under tongue) |
| tab | tablet |
| tid | 3 times a day |
| tr. | tincture |
| TPR | temperature, pulse, respirations |
| wt | weight |
| x | times |
| 3 layers of skin | epidermis (top), dermis (middle), hypodermis (bottom) |
| 6 symptoms of skin disorders | dry skin, scaly/rough skin, rashes/itching, open sores, pus-filled bumps, discolored skin |
| Contact Dermatitis | itchy rash caused by direct contact with substance or allergic reaction to it |
| Ecchymosis | discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising |
| Erythema | type of skin rash caused by injured/inflamed blood capillaries, usually caused by response to drug, disease or infection |
| Inflammation | body's process of fighting against things that harm it, in attempt to heal itself |
| Psoriasis | skin disease that causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches |
| Ulceration | formation of a break on the skin or on the surface of an organ |
| Keratolytics | Selsun, Clearsil, Tegrin |
| Astringents | Caladryl, Ivy Dry, Tucks |
| Protectants | Benzoin Spray |
| Antipuritics | Atarax |
| Anti-inflammatories | Bactine, Topicort, Cordran |
| Anti-infectives | Bactroban, Neosporin, Silvadene |
| Antiseptics/Disinfectants | Phisohex,Betadine |
| Anesthetics (topical) | Solarcaine, Xylocaine |
| Parasiticides | Kwell, Eurax, RID |
| Enzymes | Elase, Granulex |
| 3 components of the Cardiovascular System | heart, blood, blood vessels |
| 3 components of blood | erythrocytes (red cells), leukocytes (white cells), thrombocytes (platelets) |
| 6 symptoms of Cardiovascular disorders | chest pain, fatigue, dizzy/faint, SOB, very fast/slow heart beat, swollen limbs |
| Angina Pectoris | chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease, when heart muscle doesn't get as much blood as it needs |
| Arrhythmia | irregular heart beat, most are harmless, some may be a sign of more serious heart conditions |
| Artery | blood vessels that distribute oxygen-rich blood to entire body |
| Atherosclerosis | disease of arteries, when fats build up in and on artery walls |
| Cyanosis | bluish discoloration of skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood |
| Diastolic Pressure | bottom BP number, pressure in arteries when heart rests between beats |
| Edema | swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissue |
| Embolism | obstruction of an artery, typically by a clot of blood or an air bubble |
| Myocardial Infarction | heart attack, when one or more areas of heart muscle don't get enough oxygen |
| Myocardium | muscular layer of heart |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | form of low BP that happens when standing after sitting or lying down |
| Phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| Systolic Pressure | top BP number, measures the pressure in your arteries when heart beats |
| Thrombus | blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow |
| Vein | blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart |
| Vasonconstrictors | Levophed |
| Coronary Vasodilators | NTG, Cardizem, Inderal |
| Peripheral Vasodilators | Vasodilan, hydralazine |
| Antihypertensives | Lopressor, Altace, Norvasc |
| Antiarrhythmics | digoxicin, amiodarone, Inderal |
| Cardiac Glycosides | digoxin, Lanoxin |
| Antilipemics | Questran |
| Anticoagulants | Coumadin |
| Hematinics | Ferrous Sulfate |
| Coagulants | Mephyton, Vitamin K |
| 6 components of the Respiratory System | Throat (pharynx), wind pipe (trachea), lungs, voice box (larynx), airways(bronchi), nose/mouth |
| 6 symptoms of Respiratory disorders | difficulty breathing, lingering chest pain, coughing up blood, cough, mucus, noisy breathing |
| Allergen | substance that can cause an allergic reaction |
| Alveoli | tiny air sacs at end of bronchioles/ where the lungs and blood exchange O2 and carbon dioxide |
| Dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing |
| Hypernea | abnormally rapid or deep breathing |
| Orthopnea | sensation of breathlesness when laying down relieved by sitting/standing |
| Productive cough | wet cough, any cough that produces mucus |
| Saliva | keeps mouth moist and comfortable |
| Sputum | mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respitory tract, typically from infection disease |
| Tachypnea | abnormally rapid breathing |
| Narcotic Antitussives | Codeine |
| Nonnarcotic Antitussives | Benylin, Tessalon |
| Expectorants | Robitussin |
| Decongestants | Neo-synephrine, Sudafed |
| Antihistamines | Phenergan, Benadryl, Allegra |
| Brochodilators | Theodur, Isuperl, Proventil |
| Corticosteriods | Flonase, Nasocort |
| Antitubercular | Isoniazid, Rifampin |
| Respiratory stimulants | Ammonia, Caffeine |
| 2 components of Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain & Spinal cord |
| 2 divisions of Autonomic Nervous System | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
| 6 systems affected by the Autonomic Nervous System | Heart rate, BP, respiration, digestion, sexual arousal, urination |
| 4 sensory organs | Eyes, ears, nose, skin |
| 6 components that make up the eye | Sclera, Iris/pupil, retina, cornea, lens, anterior/posterior chambers |
| 3 components that make up the ear | Inner, middle and outer ear |
| 6 symptoms of Nervous System disorders | Memory loss, tinging and numbness, lack of coordination, headache, loss of sight and double vision, weakness/loss of muscle strength |
| Acoustic | Relates to sense or organs of hearing to sound, or to the science of sounds |
| Autonomic | Peripheral nerves that carry signals from the brain and controls involuntary actions in body |
| Conjuctivae | Membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and front part of eye |
| Convulsion | Sudden, violent, irregular movement of a limb or body, caused by brain disorders, certain toxins, or fever in children |
| Impulse | Sudden strong urge or desire to act |
| Neuron | Fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, receive sensory input from external world |
| Olfactory | f |
| Optic | f |
| Otic | f |
| Tremor | f |
| Vertigo | f |
| Cholinergics | Prostigmin, Isopto-Carpine |
| Cholinergic blockers | Cogentin, Artane, Symmertrel |
| Adrenergics | Adrenalin, Isuprel |
| Adrenergic blockers | Timpotic, Inderal |
| Antidepressants | Zoloft, Prstiq, Celexa |
| Nonnarcotic Analgesics | Tylenol, ASA |
| Narcotic Analgesics | Codeine, Percodan, Talwin |
| Tranquilizers | Valium, Librium |
| Sedatives/Hypnotics | Restoril, Ambien, Lunesta |
| Anticonvulsants | Lamictal, Depakote, Neurontin |
| Antiparkinson | Sinemet, Mirapex, Requip |
| Antiglaucoma Agents: | Isopto Carpine, Xalatan |
| Hypnotics = | Depressant |
| Sedatives = | Depressant |
| Antidepressants = | Stimulant |
| Anticonvulants = | Depressant |
| Analgesics = | Depressant |
| Narcotics = | Depressant |
Created by:
alaynag
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