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VET 140 Week 4
Gram Positive Organisms Pt. 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many species of Listeria are there? | 6 |
| How many species of listeria are pathogenic? | 3 |
| Describe Listeria. | Small Gram-positive rods in coccobacillary forms Facultative anerobes |
| Where in the environment are Listeria found? | Herbage and in fresh water, feces and sewage run-off |
| What is the pH range of Listeria? | 5.5-9.6 |
| What is the temperature range for Listeria? | 40-113F (4-45 C) |
| What is the lab diagnosis for Listeria? | Small, smooth, transparent, hemolytic colonies when put on blood agar. Catalase positive Oxidase negative |
| What animals do L. monocytogenes affect? | Sheep, cattle, goats, dogs, cats, horses, birds, pigs |
| T/F: L. monocytogenes are zoonotic | True |
| How are L. monocytogenes transferred? | Contaminated feed |
| Describe Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae smooth form. | Gram positive slender rods |
| Describe Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae rough form | Gram positive short filaments |
| Where is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae found? | Soil and surface water |
| What percent of pigs are carries of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae ? | 50% |
| What is the temperature range for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae ? | 5-42 C or 41-107 F |
| What is the lab diagnosis for 5-42 C or 41-107 F? | Acute infections- smooth white colonies Chronic infections- rough colonies Catalase and oxidase Negative |
| What virulence factors does Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae have? | Capsule, Enzyme that facilitates cell penetration |
| What is used to treat Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae? | Penicillin, Erysipelas antiserum |
| What causes "diamond skin" in pigs? | Erysipelothrix |
| How do turkeys contract Erysipelas? | Breaks in the skin |
| How do sheep contract Erysipelas? | Tail docking and castration |
| Describe bacillus species. | Large (10 microns), Gram-positive central endospore producing rods that occur singly, pairs or long chains |
| What is the lab diagnosis for bacillus species? | Catalase- positive, oxidase- negative Virulence encoded by plasmids |
| What does bacillus cereus cause? | Human food poisoning |
| What is Bacillus anthracis also known as? | Anthrax |
| What animal is resistant to Bacillus anthracis? | Birds |
| What is the virulence of Bacillus anthracis? | Capsule that inhibits phagocytosis, Complex toxin |
| What doesn't occur when an animal dies with anthrax? | Rigor mortis |
| What is the most lethal way of contracting anthrax? | Inhalation |
| What is the mortality of intestinal anthrax? | 60% |
| Describe Clostridium species. | Large spore forming Gram positive rods |
| Where in the environment are Clostridium species found? | Soil, fresh water, marine sediments, alimentary tract and feces |
| What is the lab diagnosis for Clostridium species? | Anerobic, Catalase & oxidase negative |
| How many species of Clostridium are there? | 100 |
| How many species of Clostridium are pathogenic? | < 20 |
| What are the 3 different types of exotoxin production from Clostridium? | 1. Neurotoxic Clostridium 2. Histotoxic Clostridium 3. Enteropathogenic Clostridium |
| What species of Clostridium are Neurotoxic? | C. tetani & C. botulinum, |
| T/F: C. botulinum is one of the most potent biological toxins known | True |
| What is used to determine a Histotoxic clostridia? | fluorescent antibody techniques |
| How do endogenous infections occur? | These result from the activation of dormant spores in muscle or liver |
| How do Exogenous infections occur? | These result from the introduction of clostridial organisms into a wound |
| Which species of clostridium are histotoxic and cause endogenous infections? | C. chauvoei, C. novyi, C. hemolyticum |
| Which species of clostridium are histotoxic and cause exogenous infections? | C. speticum, C. perfringes Type A |
| What species of clostridium are enteropathogenic? | Clostridium perfringens types A to E, Clostridium difficile |
| Where in the environment is Clostridium difficile found? | Soil, hospitals, humans, animals |
| What is the virulence properties of Clostridium difficile? | Pili, capsule, and degradative enzymes, Toxin A: enterotoxin |
| Describe Mycobacterium species. | Rod-shaped bacteria with cell walls rich in lipids and mycolic acid |
| What is the lab diagnosis of Mycobacterium species? | Aerobic and non-spore-forming Acid fast positive |
| Where is Mycobacterium found? | Soil, vegetation and water |
| T/F: Mycobacterium species are resistant to adverse environmental influences and chemical disinfectants | True |
| What are mycobacterium species susceptible to? | Heat treatment |
| How long does it take for Mycobacterium species to be viable? | at least 3 weeks |
| What are all the species of Mycobacterium? | M. tuberculosis M. bovis M. avium complex M. marinum M. leprae M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis |
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