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Government Unit 1
Gov/Econ, Mrs. Goodson teaches, Non AP, first notes packet
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Government? | The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. Based on authority and is one of human's earliest inventions |
| What are the theories of the origins of the state? | Divine Right, Evolution, Social Contract, and Force. |
| What is the Divine Right Theory? | A government founded by god/gods, a monarchy. |
| What is the Evolution Theory? | A govenment grown from family/kinship, a monarchy. |
| What is the Social Contract Theory? | A government where people surrender power to authority for safety and protection. |
| What is the Force Theory? | When 1 or more people use force to control the masses |
| Why did the first governments form? | For protection of private property and for safety |
| What are the Characteristics of the State? | To be a state, you must have: a population, a territory, a government, and soverignty. (Soverignty=independence/self governing) |
| What are the Theories of Rule and Who made them? | Rule by Law- Thomas Hobbes Natural Rights (Life, Liberty, Property)- John Locke Social Contract- Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
| What is a Social Contract? | People form their own government with the ability to change or overthrow it if necessary. |
| What are the Types of Government? | Autocracy, Oligarchy, Democracy, and Theocracy |
| What is an Autocracy? | A dictatorship or absolute monarchy. Power and authority resides in 1 individual. |
| What is an Oligarchy? | An Oligarchy is a communist country where a small group holds power in government.This is the most common form. |
| What is a Democracy? | A democracy is similar to and Oligarchy, where people hold sovereign power of government. Contrary to what most people believe, The United States is not a democracy but a Republic, which is based on law and the assertion thereof. |
| What is a Theocracy? | A theocracy is a government in which religious leaders are the political leaders with all the power (ex. Iran). |
| How is power organized geographically? | Unitary, federal, and confederate |
| What is Unitary power? | Where 1 central government holds most power and creates local governments soley for convience. (ex, UK) |
| What is federal power? | Where power is divided between a central government and several local governments. (ex, US) |
| What is confederate power? | Where there is an alliance of independant states that create a central agency for specific purposes. (ex, early US) |
| What are the 2 relationships between Executive and Legislative branches? | Presidental (US) and Parliamentry (UK) |
| What does Presidental mean? | executive and legislative branches are seperate and co-equal, executive is chosen seperately |
| What does parliamentry mean? | executive chosen by legislative, is a part of it, and is subject to direct control. |
| Who can participate? | Dictatorship and democracy |
| How did english tradtition influence America? | colonial charters, documents, 1215 Magna Carta, 1628 Petition of Right, and 1689 English Bill of Rights |
| Who were popular philosophers and what were their ideas? | John Locke- Natural rights, social contract (Life, Liberty, Property) Rousseau- social contract Montesquieu- seperation of powers (branches, checks and balances) |
| What is the Virgina House of Burgesses? | a colonial government, 1st colonial legislative (ruler body) in colonies |
| When was Shay's Rebellion? | 1787 |
| What were some tensions in early America? | The 1770 Boston Massacre, the 1773 Boston Tea Party, Shay's Rebellion, and taxes. |
| What were some taxes in early America? | The Stamp Act and the Intolerable Act. |
| What were some protests in early America? | The Boston Tea Party, Boston Massacre, boycotts, Shay's Rebellion |
| Tell me about Contential Congress (1&2). | In spring of 1774 the intolerable acts were passed, 55 delegates from all colonies except Georgia met in Philadelpia, they sent the Declaration of Rights to the crown (britian) to protest, and they adjourned in October agreeing to meet in May. |
| Tell me about Continential Congress (cont.) | They had sent a olive branch that was denied, in 1774-75 there was the Battle of Lexington and Concord, in '75 congress convened to organize an army and select Washington as commander. He served until the articles of confederation were passed in 1781. |
| Tell me about the Declaration of Independance. | While it was accepted July 2, it was adopted on July 4th of 1776. Thomas Jefferson was the primary writer, the 1st paragraph of it is rationale and declaration while the rest is grieveances, and abolishing slavery was cut out of it. |
| Tell me about the Articles of Confederation. |
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