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Supreme Court Cases
U.S landmark supreme court cases (AP. Gov)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Supreme Court ruling (1819) confirming the supremacy of national over state government |
| United States v. Lopez | 1995 - The Commerce Clause of the Constitution does not give Congress the power to prohibit mere possession of a gun near a school, because gun possession by itself is not an economic activity that affects interstate commerce even indirectly. |
| Engel v. Vitale | banned formal prayer in schools, government would not make any religion the 'official' religion. |
| Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) | The Court ruled that Wisconsin could not require Amish parents to send their children to public school beyond the eighth grade because it would violate long-held religious beliefs. |
| Tinker v. Des Moines | Students have the right to symbolic speech at school as long as it is not disruptive |
| Schenck v. United States (1919) | A 1919 decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I. Justice Holmes declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils. |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government |
| Roe v. Wade (1973) | The court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict it during the first three months of pregnancy. Based on 4th Amendment rights of a person to be secure in their persons. |
| McDonald v. Chicago (2010) | The right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" protected by the 2nd Amendment is incorporated by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment and applies to the states. |
| Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal standard of discrimination in education. |
| Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission | A 2010 landmark Supreme Court case that ruled that individuals, corporations, and unions could donate unlimited amounts of money to groups that make independent political expenditures. |
| Baker v. Carr | case that est. one man one vote. this decision created guidelines for drawing up congresional districts and guaranteed a more equitable system of representation to the citizens of each state |
| Shaw v. Reno | NO racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts. |
| Marbury v. Madison | Established judicial review |
| New York Times Co. v. United States | Supreme Court case protecting the freedom of the press by allowing the New York Times to publish the "Pentagon Papers" despite the Justice Department's order to restrict it |
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