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Biology Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by | polar covalent bonds |
| The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called? | hydrogen bond |
| the partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because | the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more tie around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus |
| sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table of oxygen, but has electronegativity similar to carbon. Compared to water molecules, molecules of H2S | will not form hydrogen bonds with each other |
| water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with | compounds that have polar covalent bonds |
| which of the following effects is produced by the same high surface tension of water | a water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond |
| which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink | kinetic energy in the drink decreases |
| A dietary Calorie equals 1 kilocalorie. Which of the following statements correctly defines 1 kilocalorie? | 1,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C |
| The nutritional information on a cereal box shows that one serving of a dry cereal has 200 kc. If one were to burn 1 serving of cereal, the amount of heat given off would be sufficient to raise the temperature of 20 kg of water how many degrees Celsius? | 10.0 degrees celsius |
| Liquid water's high specific heat is mainly a consequence of the | absorption and release of heat when hydrogen bonds break and form. |
| Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize | hydrogen bonds |
| temperature usually increases when water condenses. Which behavior of water is most directly responsible for this phenomenon | the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds |
| Why does evaporation of water from a surface cause cooling of the surface | the water molecules with the most heat energy evaporate more readily |
| Why does ice float in liquid water? | Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water. |
| Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are | nonpolar substances that repel water molecules |
| One mole (mol) of glucose (molecular mass = 180 daltons) is | 180 kilograms of glucose |
| The molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol. Which of the following procedures should you carry out to make a 1 M solution of glucose? | Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 0.8 L of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is 1 L |
| a strong acid like HCL | ionizes completely in an aqueous solution |
| Which of the following ionizes completely in solution and is considered to be a strong base (alkali) | NaOH |
| A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2. What can you conclude about this substance | it is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water |
| What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion [OH-] concentration of 10-12 M? | pH 2 |
| What is the pH of a 1 millimolar NaOH solution? | pH 11 |
| which of the following solutions would require the greatest amount of base to be added to bring the solution to a neutral pH | gastric juice at pH 2 |
| what is the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a solution of a pH 8 | 10^(-8) M |
| which of the following statement is true about buffer solutions | they maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them |
| Buffers are substances that help resist shifts in pH by | releasing H+ to a solution when acids are added |
| research indicates that acid precipitation can damage living organisms by | buffering aquatic systems such as lakes and streams |
| Consider two solutions: solution X has a pH of 4; solution Y has a pH of 7. From this information, we can reasonably conclude that | the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 1,000 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y |
| If a solution has a pH of 7, this means that | the concentration of H+ ions in the water equals the concentration of OH- ions in the water |
| CO2 is a readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO2+H2O > H2CO3. Carbonic acid is a weak acid. Respiring cells release CO2 into the bloodstream. what will be the effect on pH of blood as it first comes in contact with respiring cells | blood pH will decrease slightly |
| a beaker contains 100mL of NaOH solution at pH=3. A technician carefully pours unto the beaker 10mL of HCL at pH=1. Which of the following statements correctly describes the result of this mixing | the pH of the beaker's contents falls |
| Equal volumes (5 mL) of vinegar from a freshly opened bottle are added to each of the following solutions. After complete mixing, which of the mixtures will have the highest pH? | 100 mL of household cleanser containing 0.5 M ammonia |
| Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations might have what effect on seawater? | seawater will become more acidic, and carbonate concentrations will decrease |
| How would acidification of seawater affect marine organisms? | acidification would decrease dissolved carbonate concentrations and hunder growth of corals and shell-building animals |
| If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, this means that | the concentration of H+ ions is tenfold higher in the mitochondrial matrix than in the cytoplasm |
| Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted here is most likely | positively charged |
| how many grams would be equal to 1 mol of the compound shown in the figure above (carbon=12, oxygen=16, hydrogen=1) | 60 |
| how many grams of the compound in the figure above would be required to make 1 L of a 0.5 M solution (carbon=12, oxygen=16, hydrogen=1) | 150 |
| A small candle is weighed, lighted and placed beneath a metal can containing 100 mL of water the temperature of the water rises. Data from this experiment are shown on the graph. What amount of heat energy is released in the burning of candle wax? | 0.5 kilocalories per gram of wax burned |
| Which of the following graphs correctly describes what will happen to the temperature of the water and the methanol? | graph with methanol and water both going up, methanol is on top at a faster rate |
| which of these molecules would be soluble in water | The one with only OHs and Hs |
| Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature? | the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds |
| The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are | hydrogen bonds between water molecules |
| which of the following is a hydrophobic material | wax |
| we can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their | number of molecules |
| measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake | 10^(-4) M |
| Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the lake? | 10^(-10) M |
Created by:
KAHarrell