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1a. Exoskeleton.
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1b. Molt.
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Biology Study Guide

Module 12 - Study Guide

QuestionAnswer
1a. Exoskeleton. A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection.
1b. Molt. To shed an old outer covering so that it can be replaced with a new one.
1c. Thorax. The body region between the head and the abdomen.
1d. Abdomen. The body region posterior to the thorax.
1e. Cephalothorax. A body region composed of the head and thorax fused together.
1f. Compound eye. An eye made of many lenses, each with a very limited scope.
1g. Simple eye. An eye with only one lens.
1h. Open circulatory system. A circulatory system that allows the blood to flow out of the blood vessels and into various body cavities so that the cells are in direct contact with the blood.
1i. Statocyst. The organ of balance in a crustatean.
1j. Gonad. A general term for the organ that produces gametes.
1k. Complete metamorphosis. Insect development consisting of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
1l. Incomplete metamorphosis. Insect development consisting of three stages: egg, nymph, and adult.
2. Name the five common characteristics among the arthropods. Exoskeleton, body segmentation, jointed appendages, ventral nervous system, and an open circulatory system.
3. Identify the structures in the upper diagram on page 391. a. Antennae b. Antennules c. Cephalothorax d. Abdomen e. Telson f. Uropods g. Swimmerets h. Carapace i. Walking legs j. Chelipeds
4. Identify the organs in the lower diagram on page 391. a. Eye b. Brain ganglia c. Stomach d. Gonad e. Heart f. Pericardial sinus g. Intestine h. Anus i. Nerve cord j. Digestive glands k. Sternal sinus l. Mouth m. Esophagus n. Green gland
5. Explain the flow of blood in a crayfish, starting from the pericardial sinus. Blood collects in the pericardial sinus, and enters the heart. The heart pumps the blood to body cavities. The blood then goes to the sternal sinus, from which it passes through the gills, to the green gland, and finally back to the pericardial sinus.
6. What purpose does the green gland serve? It cleans blood of its impurities and dumps those impurities into the surroundings.
7. What structures (besides the gills and gill chamber) are vitally important for respiration in a crayfish? Swimmerets and maxillae.
8. What happens when a crayfish loses a limb? A membrane seals the hole to prevent bleeding. Then the limb grows back over time.
9. Where do the fertilized eggs of a crayfish go? The swimmerets.
10. Why do arthropods molt? Because they outgrow their exoskeleton.
11. What two appendages are responsible for taste and touch in a crayfish? The antennules and antennae.
12. What five characteristics set arachnids apart from the other arthropods? Eight legs, a cephalothorax, four pairs of simple eyes, no antennae, and respiration through "book lungs."
13. What are the three basic types of webs that spiders spin? Sheet webs, tangle webs, and orb webs.
14. Do all spiders use their silk to spin webs? No. Some make trap doors and others shoot their web at prey.
15. Why are the spider's lungs called book lungs? Because it has several thin layers, almost like the pages of a book.
16. What four characteristics set insects apart from the other arthropods? Six legs, usually have wings at some stage of their life, one pair of antennae, and three segments: head, thorax, and abdomen.
17. Why don't insects have respiratory systems? They have tubes that are connected to the outside through a series of small holes in the exoskeleton called spiracles. Air goes into these holes and runs through the tubes, supplying oxygen to all tissues.
18. If an insect goes through a pupa stage, does it perform complete metamorphosis or incomlete metamorphosis? Complete metamorphosis.
19. What four types of wings exist among insects? Membranous wings, scaled wings, leather-like wings, and horny wings.
20. For each letter on the bottom of page 392, indicate the order of insects being described. a. Orthoptera b. Hymenoptera c. Diptera d. Coleoptera e. Lepidoptera
Created by: LiseBrinkley
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