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Electrotherapy Pt II
MODALITIES: Electrotherapy Part II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What creates electrical currents in our cells? | Flow of charges across the cell membranes |
| What type of current is an alternating current where the positive and negative pulse is separated by a period fo no current? | Biphasic pulsed current |
| What E-stim programs use biphasic pulsed current? | -TENS -Low frequency TENS -NMES |
| What is the magnitude of the current flow, measure of strength? | Amplitude |
| What is the parameter usually controlled by the patient or therapist and affects how intense the stim feels? | Amplitude |
| What parameter is the number of cycles or pulses per second? | Frequency |
| How is frequency measured? | Hz |
| What parameter is the length of time of one pulse? | Pulse Duration |
| What parameter determines the depth of the current? | Pulse Duration |
| What E-stim protocol uses a short pulse duration? | Conventional TENS |
| What E-stim protocol uses a medium pulse duration? | Low Frequency |
| What E-stim protocol uses a long pulse duration? | NMES |
| What is the pulse duration of conventional TENS? | 50-80 usec |
| What is the pulse duration for low frequency TENS? | 180 usec |
| What is the pulse duration for NMES? | 250-300 usec |
| What E-stim protocol is best for acute pain? | Conventional TENS |
| What E-stim protocol is best for chronic pain? | Low-Frequency TENS |
| The bodies response to E-stim is directly related back to what in the body? | Water content of tissue |
| What are the excitable tissues in the body? | Nerve, muscle, blood, and cell membranes |
| What are the non-excitable tissues in the body? | Bone, Cartilage, Tendon, Ligaments |
| What are motor points? | Place on a muscle where electrical stim will produce the greatest contraction with the least amount of current |
| Electrodes placed closer together will penetrate deep or shallow? | Shallow |
| What is the max number of uses for electrodes? | 10 |
| What is alternating current? | Continuous bidirectional flow of current with no break between each cycle |
| What protocols use alternating current? | -Interferential -Pre Mod |
| What protocol uses two alternating currents that are crisscrossed over the painful area and uses two channels of different carrier frequencies to create a "beat" within the tissues? | Interferential Stim |
| What is the amplitude seen with interferential stim? | 2,000-5,000 Hz |
| What creates the beat in interferential stim? | The 100 Hz difference in the 2 currents |
| How many electrodes are used in interferential currents? | 4 to create a criss cross |
| What are the benefits of interferential stim? | -Comfort -Target large areas |
| What are the indicators for interferential stim? | Acute/Chronic pain in larger areas |
| What is considered to be a bipolar application of interferential stim? | Pre-mod |
| What makes pre-mod different that interferential? | The sine wave (beat) creation occurs in the machine |
| What is the main benefit of using pre-mode over interferential? | -Easier d/t less electrodes -Better for small joints of the UE |
| What current is unidirectional and provides electromotive force that can move electrically charged particles? | Direct current |
| What is the main use for direct current? | Iontophoresis |
| What are the treatment goals in direct muscle stim? | -Slow muscle atrophy -Improve local bloodflow |
| Is direct stim comfortable? | No d/t wide pulse duration and high intensity |
| Negative anode does what in iontophoresis? | Pushes dexamethasone into the skin for pain relief |
| Positive cathode does what in iontophoresis? | Pushes saline into the skin for sterilizing |
| A pulsed monophonic current is used in which protocol? | High volt pulsed current |
| What is the goal in HVPC? | Tissue repair and reduction of edema |
| Positive HVPC should be used when in the wound healing cycle? | 2nd and 3rd phase (chronic) |
| Negative HVPC should be used when? | Early for acute pain and edema reduction |
| How does HVPC affect wound healing? | -Increases blood flow -Decreased microorganisms -Influences tissue growth |
| How is HVPC always seen? | 2 pulses then a large gap |
| For a new wound would it be better to use US or HVPC? | HVPC |
| What are the machines that can help with EMS? | -Bioness -Hand Mentor |
| What are the contraindications for E-stim? | -Pacemaker/Defib -Pregnant -DVT -Cancer -Seizure -Superficial Metal |
Created by:
jkranz93
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