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The rock cycle
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igneous rock
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Unit 3: RWEDS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The rock cycle | the process undergone by rocks in the Earth's crust |
| igneous rock | rocks formed by cooling of molten rock |
| Intrusive igneous rock | igneous rock formed from magma under the Earth's surface |
| Extrusive igneous rock | igneous rock formed from lava above the Earth's surface |
| Sedimentary rock | a rock formed from the deposition and solidification of sediment |
| fossils | remains or traces of plants and/or animals |
| metamorphic rock | rock that changed from intense heat and pressure |
| accumulation | several things grouped together or considered as a whole |
| sediments | small pieces of rocks, minerals and organic matter; examples of sediments include gravel, clay, silt, pebbles, sand, mud, shells, dirt |
| organic matter | came from something living |
| weathering | wearing away or breaking or changing the appearance of something |
| erosion | the process by which natural forces such as wind, water and gravity move weathered rock particles from one place to another |
| deposition | where the weathered rock particles end up after erosion |
| compaction | the act of crushing something |
| cementation | the binding together of particles |
| soil | upper layer of Earth in which plants grow consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay and rock particles |
| mechanical weathering | the physical breaking of exposed rock without any change to the chemical composition |
| chemical weathering | erosion or disintegration of rocks caused by chemical reactions |
| biological weathering | a chemical weathering caused by a release of acids from plants or animals |
| oxidation | rusting |
| abrasion | rocks hitting and scraping other rocks |
| glaciers | large blocks of ice that grow and recede over time |
| rock fall | when rocks fall down a steep slope; the fastest type of mass movement |
| rock slide | when rocks roll down a steep slope; the second fastest type of mass movement |
| flow | when saturated soil moves down a slope; the 3rd fastest type of mass movement |
| slump | a section of a steep hill becomes saturated and wrinkles its way down a hill; the 2nd slowest type of mass movement |
| creep | occurs over multiple of years, sediments become saturated and unsaturated and shift 2-3 inches down hill per year; the slowest type of mass movement |
| humus | the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms |
| clay | sediment with particles smaller than silt; the smallest particle in soil |
| silt | fine sand, clay or other material; the medium sized particle in soil |
| sand | loose, ganular substance resulting from the erosion of rocks; the largest particle of soil |
| soil profile | used to define the types of soil layers |
| horizon | a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath |
| bedrock | solid rock underlying loose deposits such as soil |
| terracing | making slopes into a series of level flat areas resembling a series of steps |
| contour plowing | plowing along the shape of the land in order to minimize soil erosion |
| strip cropping | cultivation of which different crops are grown in alternate strips to prevent soil erosion |
| shelter belt | line of trees or shrubs planted to protect an area from strong winds |
Created by:
emmag.cunningham
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