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Apwh unit 2 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Silk Roads | A vast commercial network across Afro-Eurasia, driving a growth in trade and exchanges of goods and ideas in the 14th century. |
| Kashgar | City on Western edge of China where northern and southern routes crossed, creating crossroads of goods + ideas. |
| Samarkand | Zeravshan River Valley stopping point between China and the Mediterranean, center of cultural exchange and trading goods. |
| Caravanserai | Stopping points on the Silk Roads where travelers could rest and trade their animals. |
| Flying cash | New Chinese system of credit where a merchant could deposit paper money in one place and withdraw it in another place. |
| Hanseatic League | Alliance by northern Germany and Scandinavia to organize European trade and acquire valuable goods. |
| Mongol Empire | Empire of Mongols of Central Asia who conquered much of Eurasia in the 13th century, leaving much destruction/slaughter but also much cultural exchange and a huge impact on trade. |
| Temujin | Mongol leader, intensely focused on building power, ruthless, and considered personal loyalty the best way to run his kingdom. |
| Khan | Ruler of the Mongol empire, Temujin took the name Genghis Khan which meant "ruler of all". |
| Khanate | "Kingdom", Genghis Khan's khanate reached from the North China Sea to Eastern Persia by 1227. |
| Pax Mongolica | Period of Eurasian history between the 13th and 14th centuries, also known as "Mongolian Peace". |
| Golden Horde | Batu's army (Khan's grandson), conquered small Russian kingdoms and made them pay tributes, destroying Kiev. |
| Il-Khanate | Hulegu's Kingdom, stretched from Byzantium to the Oxus River, ruled by Mongols. |
| Yuan Dynasty | Established by Kublai Khan to adhere closer to Chinese tradition, governed well, religious tolerance was prominent. |
| White Lotus | 1350s, quietly organized to put an end to the Yuan Dynasty. |
| Calicut | City on the West Coast of India, bustling port city for merchants looking for spices from Southern India, city had much wealth and prominence in the Indian Ocean Basin. |
| Spice Islands | Modern-day Malaysia and Indonesia, they exported frequent nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, and cardamon. |
| Monsoon Winds | Winds originating from certain locations that made travel much easier, knowledge of them was essential for trading in the Indian Ocean. |
| Lateen Sails | Triangular sails used by Arab sailors, caught wind coming from many different directions. |
| Malacca | Muslim city-state, became wealthy through trade, building a navy, and imposing a fee on ships that passed through its straight. |
| Diaspora | Settlements of people from their homelands, settlers introduced their cultures, resulting in culture exchange. |
| Swahili City-States | Thriving city-states along the east coast of Africa that brought great wealth and bustling commercial centers. |
| Zheng He | Muslim admiral, traveled 7 voyages which brought might to the Ming Dynasty and great interaction, which threatened China's social order. |
| Sahara Desert | Immense desert with arid climate, which made farming nearly impossible, and trade across the Sahara spread ideas and customs. |
| Oases | Places where human settlement is possible because water is brought to the surface of fertile land. |
| Camel Saddles | Developed as camel use became more common, allowed for camels to carry heavier loads of goods in trade. |
| Trans-Sahara Trade | Trade routes across the Sahara, led to exchange of goods + ideas and spreading of Islam into Sub_Saharan Africa in the 13th century. |
| Mali | Powerful trading society in place of Ghana in the 12th century, profited from gold trade and taxing trade. |
| Timbuktu | Great city in Mali that became a center of Islamic learning. |
| Sundiata | Mali's founding ruler who defeated his enemies in 1235 and reclaimed the throne for himself, and cultivated thriving gold trade. |
| Mansa Musa | Sundiata's grand-nephew who began a pilgrimage in 1324 to Mecca, which displayed Mali's wealth and deepened the support for Islam. |
| Songhai Kingdom | Took place as the powerhouse in West Africa by the late 1400s, becoming wealthier than Mali, and strengthened Islam in West Africa. |
| Karakorum | Capital of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century, Obdei Khan died and Batu lost interest in conquering the rest of Western Europe. |
| Diffusion | Spread of something from its place of origin |
| Zen Buddhism | Syncretic religion, Buddhist doctrines fused with Daoist traditions, adopted by many Confucians among scholar gentry from 960-1279 under Song Dynasty. |
| Neo-Confucianism | Syncretic religion, Daoism and Buddhism, appeared under Tang, developed under Song, widespread in Japan and Vietnam, was official state ideology in Korea. |
| Black Death | "The Plague", opening up trade led to this, 1347-1351, led to major decline in Western Europe's population, which led to a major setback in Europe's economy. |
| Marco Polo | Italian Native who visited Kublai Khan in the 13th century, writing a book on how prosperous and urbanized China was. |
| Ibn Battuta | Muslim scholar who traveled through Central Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, China, Spain, North Africa, and Mali in the 14th century to get a better view on the significance of Islam in all these lands. |
| Margery Kempe | Middle-class medieval woman who set out on pilgrimages to Jerusalem, Rome, Germany, and Spain, creating an autobiography of her intense spiritual feelings and trials. |
| Champa Rice | Quick-ripening rice from Vietnam & India that led to major population growth in China in the 14th century. |
| Overgrazing | A form of environmental degradation from major pressure put on resources, causing people to have abandoned cities in the last 1400s. |
Created by:
eic2919