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What religious settlement was reached with the Peace of Augsburg?
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What financial problems affected Spain during the 17th century?
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chp. 11 and 12 s.g.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What religious settlement was reached with the Peace of Augsburg? | The ruler of a German state would decide the religion of his subjects |
| What financial problems affected Spain during the 17th century? | Inflation, bankrupt government, and high taxes for the poor |
| How was the Netherlands more democratic than most 17th century European nations? | The provincial governors were elected rather than appointed by the government |
| How did 17th century absolute monarchs view their position in government? | Since their rules is derived from God, their power was unlimited |
| How did France develop a strong economy during the reign of Louis XIV? | By promoting economic policies such as providing tax credits to French companies |
| To achieve his goal of self-sufficient France, Louis XIV’s finance minister, _____________, promoted overseas colonies that could provide France with raw materials and impose high tariffs on imported goods to protect French businesses. | Jean Baptiste Colbert |
| Louis XIV’s enormous palace at ________________ demonstrated the wealth of his monarchy? | Versailles |
| The League of Augsburg was a collection of European states that included the _____________ Hapsburg Empire, which was formed to balance the power of Louis XIV’s France. | Austrian |
| Why did Catholic France support the Protestant cause during the Thirty Years’ War? | Louis XIV was concerned about the growing power of Austria |
| Why was feudalism slow to end in central Europe? | Central European governments passed laws tying peasants to their estates |
| How did King Frederick William I gain the support of the Prussian nobility? | He awarded the Junkers officer ranks in the army |
| Why was Ivan IV mistrustful of Russian nobles? | He suspected that the boyars poisoned his wife |
| How did Peter the Great propose to modernize Russia? | By adopting many of the customs of western Europeans |
| How did the English Parliament try to limit Charles I’s power? | Parliament refused to grant the king money unless he agreed to certain conditions |
| After the Glorious Revolution, England became a(n) _______________, where the powers of the king are limited by a series of laws. | Constitutional monarchy |
| What action taken by Louis XIV damage the French economy by forcing skilled workers to emigrate from France? | Termination of the Edict of Nantes |
| Which iron rich region did Frederick the Great invade, thus starting the War of the Austrian Succession? | Silesia |
| Why did many ancient Greek astronomers believe in a geocentric explanation of our universe? | Their observations led to the conclusion that the sun revolved around them |
| How did Andreas Vesalius improve our understanding of medical science? | He dissected human bodies to understand how they function |
| Which type of government did Thomas Hobbes say would be the best for law and order | Absolute monarch |
| What is an ideal promoted by 18th century French intellectuals? | The actions of an individual should be based on reason |
| Why did Roman Catholic Church officials dislike Diderot’s Encyclopedia? | They believed that the articles unfairly criticized the Church and its influence |
| How did the discoveries of the Scientific Revolution affect Europeans regarding religion? | Europeans questioned their faith in religion |
| ____________________, wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792 that disagreed with Rousseau’s view on women and education. | Mary Wollstonecraft |
| Which composer’s music is characteristic of the baroque period? | Johann Sebastian Bach |
| What did Adam Smith promote because he believed it generated the most wealth? | Free trade |
| What characteristics of American government reflects the enlightened thought of Voltaire? | Bill of Rights |
| How did the French and Indian War change the relationship between the American colonies and Great Britain | The American colonists criticized an increase in taxation, and many considered separation from Great Britain |
| Who influenced Thomas Jefferson on expressing his views in the Declaration of Independence? | John Locke |
| Montesquieu called his division of power among different branches? | Separation of powers |
| Which philosopher is noted for the statement “I think, therefore I am” | Rene Descartes |
| Absolutism is? | System of government in which a ruler holds total power |
| Constitutional Monarchy | a monarch’s powers are limited by a written government |
| English Bill of Rights | set the foundation for a limited, or constitutional monarchy in England |
| Oliver Cromwell | defeated Charles army and established a commonwealth form of government in England |
| Boyars | Russia’s landowning nobles |
| Seven Years’ War | European powers fought in Europe, India and North America |
| Versailles Palace | personal home to the French king and one of the leading cause for France’s large debt |
| Divine Right | idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth |
| Glorious Revolution | William and Mary’s “invasion” of England |
| Federal System | power is divided between national and state governments |
| Checks and Balances | each branch of government having the ability to check the other two |
| Social Contract | agreement by which people create a government |
| Isaac Newton | explained the universal law of gravitation in his book The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy |
| Francis Bacon | urged scientist to experiment and then draw conclusions |
| Rene Descartes | believed that everything should be doubted until proved by reason |
| John Locke | believed that all humans had certain natural rights- life, liberty & property |
| Causes of the Thirty Years’ War | Protestant and Catholic rivalry Desire for political rule over German states Poor rule of the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II |
| Effects of the Thirty Years’ War | France rewarded with German lands Weakening of Hapsburg Austria and Spain Beginning of the modern age of nationstates End of the European Religious wars |
| Ptolemy | geocentric theory of the universe |
| Nicolas Copernicus | heliocentric theory of the universe |
| Johannes Kepler | discovered that planets move in elliptical orbits |
| Galileo Galilei | discovered that Jupiter has moons and the moon has craters |
| Cesare Beccaria | capital punishment and torture should be abolished |
| Voltaire | freedom of religion and speech should be promoted |
| John Locke | people have natural rights of life, liberty and property |
| Baron de Montesquieu | executive, legislative, and judicial branches should be separated |
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sophiamerando
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