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Ecology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ecology | Is the study of how living things interact with each other + their abiotic environment |
| Ecosystem | A community of organisms + their interactions with their environment |
| Community | Different species |
| Populations | Same species |
| Bioshpere | The part of the earth inhabited by living organisms including ( land ocean and atmosphere in which life exists) |
| Habitat | The particular place within the ecosystem where a species lives + to which it’s adapted (eg birds nest in an oak tree ) |
| A niche | The functional role of an organism in an ecosystem ( earthworm) niche can also refer to how it may affect other organisms as consumer or food source. |
| Abiotic | These are non living factors that include a community ( eg aspect -compass / temperature- thermometer) |
| Biotic | Living factors which have an influence on another organism (eg predators- prey > competition ) |
| Climate | Factors relating to long term weather conditions which affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem ( eg temp -thermometer / humidity- hygrometer) |
| Edaphic | Factors relating to the soil ( eg soil ph -pH meter / soil type ) |
| Food chains | A food chain generally begins with a producer and follows with a consumer |
| Producer | Are organisms that make their own food by photosynthesis. All plants are producers ( atrophic ) |
| Consumers | Are organisms which need to eat another organism ( heterotrophic ) |
| A tropic level | Is the position of an organism on a food chain |
| Competition | The struggle between organisms for the same limited source |
| Preditation | The act of catching killing and eating another organism for food |
| Parasitism | An organism which lives in or on another organism called a ‘host’, and harms it ( eg fleas on a dog- ectoparisites / liver fluke in cattle or sheep - endoparasites / viruses in a human - endoparisties ) |
| Symbiosis | The close relationship between different species in which at least one benefits |
| Contest competition | An active physical confrontation between two organisms where only one wins the resource |
| Scramble competition | (Animal and plant ) is a confrontation which results in each getting some of the resource ( eg ivy plant and hawthorn tree may compete for light , ivy uses roofs to grip hawthorn + climb highter) |
| Predictors and prey relashionship | Preditors stabilises the community by controlling the prey numbers + stop over grazing, eliminating the less adapted prey ( eg owl pop controlles number of mice and eliminates the weaker mice) |
| Nutrient recycling | Is the way the elements are exchanged between living and non-living parts of the ecosystem. It ensures limited elements get re-used and don’t miss out |
| Decomposition | Is the decaying of a dead organism |
| Pollution | Is any harmful addition to the environment, it is mostly bar echo impacts and affects air, fresh water, sea, soil, land |
| Pollutants | Are substances that harm the environment (eg household waste) |
| Eutrophication | Is when water becomes over enriched with nutrients and there is a rapid in desde in Algae growth. This causes an decrease in the oxygen and fish die due to algae dying and decomposing becateria living off it while using up all the oxygen available |
| CFC’s | Found in spray cans, refrigerators, insulating foam and industrial detergents , they cause the ozone layer to deplete |
| Conservation | The protecting and wise management of natural resources and the environment |
Created by:
christinaronan
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