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Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Political Socialization | Process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions |
| What factors influence political socialization? | Family: most significant Mass(social) media: displaces parents as chief source as we age Demographics: age, race, income, occupation, education, religion Geography: states, rural vs. urban |
| Demography | The science of population changes |
| Political behavior | Learned Increased participation with age Party identification strengthens |
| Public opinion | Distribution of the population's beliefs about politics and policy issues |
| what are the factors that influence public opinion? | Mass media: method of communication that reaches a large number of people School: American History, Patriotism, the pledge Opinion leaders: person with unusually strong influence over the views of others Historical events |
| Best way to measure public opinion | Conduct a poll |
| Exit poll | Survey to predict outcome of election and measure which groups voted and how |
| Census | An “actual enumeration” of the population, which the Constitution requires that the government conduct every 10 years. valuable tool for understanding demographic changes. |
| melting pot | term used to characterize the United States, with its history of immigration and mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples. |
| minority majority | a time when non-Hispanic whites will represent a minority of the U.S. population and minority groups together represent a majority. |
| political culture | a set of values shared in a society |
| reapportionment | The process of reallocating seats in the House of Representatives every 10 years on the basis of the results of the Census. |
| sample | A relatively small proportion of people who are chosen in a survey so as to be representative of the whole. |
| random sampling | The key technique employed by survey researchers, which operates on the principle that everyone should have an equal probability of being selected for the sample. |
| sampling error | the level of confidence in the findings of a public opinion poll. The more people interviewed, the more confident one can be of the results. |
| random-digit dialing | A technique used by pollsters to place telephone calls randomly to both listed and unlisted numbers when conducting a survey. |
| political ideaology | A coherent set of beliefs about politics, public policy, and public purpose, which helps give meaning to political events. |
| gender gap | The regular pattern in which women are more likely to support Democratic candidates, (tend to be less conservative than men) and more likely to support spending on social services and to oppose higher levels of military spending. |
| political participation | All the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue. |
| protest | A form of political participation designed to achieve policy change through dramatic and unconventional tactics. |
| civil disobedience | A form of political participation based on a conscious decision to break a law believed to be unjust and to suffer the consequences. |
| opinion leaders | person with unusually strong influence over the views of others |
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