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Mammal Repro Lab2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| artificial vagina | inner rubber lining filled with water for temperature and pressure to stimulate glans penis for ejaculation |
| artificial vagina requirements | arousal by dummy animal first, conscious male, not frightened by humans, lubrication |
| electroejaculation | stimulates accessory sex glands and pelvic urethra, parallel electrodes minimize unwanted muscle contractions, no mount required |
| hand glove technique | mounting device, manual stimulation through pressure, filtration device removes opalescent plug |
| gand cone technique | teaser animal, manual stimulation through pressure |
| Bull | artificial vagina and electroejaculation |
| Stallion | artificial vagina |
| Boar | hand glove technique and artificial vagina |
| Ram | artificial vagina and electroejaculation |
| Rooster | hand technique |
| Dog | hand cone technique |
| Cat | artificial vagina and electroejaculation |
| semen extension and preservation | sperm is evaluated for volume, motility, morphology, and concentration |
| volume | sperm rich fraction minus gel fraction |
| motility | >70% motile for freezing |
| morphology | < 30% abnormal |
| concentration | # sperm/mL evaluated by optical density |
| preservation | extend, package, then AI or extend, package and freeze, thaw and AI |
| methods of semen preservation | freeze in liquid nitrogen or stored in cool temperatures |
| functions of extenders | increase number of insemination doses, preservation |
| short term extenders | 5-18 *C, 20-100 mL syringe for horse or pig |
| long term extenders | -196*C in liquid nitrogen, 0.25-0.5 mL polyvinyl straw for cattle, sheep, horse, and human |
| components: buffers | prevents marked changes in pH, isotonic solution |
| buffer examples | sodium citrate and sodium phosphate |
| components: lipids | maintain sperm cell membrane integrity, protects against cold shock |
| lipid examples | egg yolk and milk |
| components: energy substrates | maintain sperm viability |
| energy substrate examples | glucose and fructose |
| components: cryoprotectant | protect cells against cold damage and prevent ice crystal formation |
| cryoprotectant example | glycerol |
| components: antibiotics | prevent bacterial growth |
| antibiotic examples | penicillin, liquamycin, and streptomycin |
| sex sorting method | X chromosome uptakes more dye due to greater DNA content, produces greater light when excited by light emission, sperm is sorted by flow cytometry and charges based on DNA content |
| sex sorting limitations | cost, sperm fertility slightly decreased, slow separation |
| function of Y chromosome | forms testes, seminiferous tubules, and leydig cells, sex determining region |
Created by:
r.logan6029
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