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OTAT 1300
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does ADL stand for? | Activites of Daily Living |
| What are examples of ADL's? | Hygiene, Grooming, Bathing, Showering, Toileting, Dressing, Eating/Feeding, Swallowing, Functional Mobility, Sexual Activities |
| What does OTPF stand for? | Occupational Therapy Practice Framework developed by AOTA |
| What is the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework? | A guide for helping OTP's use the language and constructs of occupation to serve clients and educate consumers. Emphasis on occupation, client-centered care, and dynamic nature of therapy process. |
| What does IADL stand for? | Instrumental Activities of Daily Living |
| What are examples of IADL's? | Care of others, pets, child rearing, communication mgt, driving and community mobility, financial mgt, home mgt, meal prep and clean up, religious/spiritual expression, safety. shopping |
| What are Occupations? | Every day things people do essential to one's identity includes ADL's, IADL's, self-care, education, work/play, leisure, and social participation |
| What are some main categories of Occupations? | Health Management, Rest and Sleep, Education, Work, Play, Leisure, Social Participation |
| What is the OT process according to the OTPF? | Evaluation, Intervention, Outcome of services/Discharge |
| Evaluation steps are? | Occupational Profile/Interview, Occupational Performance, Client Centered Approach |
| Intervention Plan 5 general approaches? | 1. Create/promote (health promotion) 2. Establish/Restore (remediate) 3. Maintain 4. Modify (Compensation, Adaptation) 5. Prevent |
| Outcome means? | Desired end result of OT process |
| What are Activity Demands? | Relevance and importance, Objects used and their properties, social/space demands, sequencing and timing, Req actions/performance skills, Req body functions, Req body structures |
| What are Contexts? | Environmental, Technology, Systems/Policies, Personal |
| Types of OT interventions? | Occupations + Activites, Interventions to support Occupations, Education + Training, Advocacy, Group Interventions, Virtual Interventions |
| Outcomes of Occupational Therapy? | Occupational Performance, Improvement, Enhancement, Prevention, Health + Wellness, Quality of Life, Participation, Role Competence, Well-being, Occupational Justice |
| Information gathering is known as ________ | Interview |
| Contribute to the good health/welfare of client ________ | Beneficence |
| Do not inflict harm ________________ | Non-maleficence |
| Informing of risks _________ | A & C |
| Provide services in a fair and equal manner __________ | Justice |
| Telling the truth ______ | Veracity |
| Faithfulness ______ | Fidelity |
| An occupational profile is a step to? | Gather information |
| The _______ measure of how accurately the scores obtained from the test reflect the true performance of a client. | Reliability |
| This is a skill a therapist utilizes to problem solve and develop professional judgement ____________ | Clinical Reasoning |
| This type of test has guidelines for administering + scoring but not established normative data _______________ | Non standardized tests |
| _________ is utilized to show a test is a true measure of what it claims to measure. | Validity |
| Situation that challenges how practitioner maintains integrity | Ethical Distress |
| Two or more conflicting challenges with integrity | Ethical Dilemma |
| Locus of Authority | The place/person who has authority in a situation. In ethics, a locus of authority problem is when there is disagreement over who has authority over a situation. |
| What does MOP stand for? | Models of Practice |
| What does the Model of Practice do (MOP)? | Organizes one's thinking |
| What does FOR stand for? | Frame of Reference |
| What is a Frame of Reference? | A tool to guide the practitioners interventions. Tells what to do and how to evaluate/intervene. Has research to support interventions- evidence based. |
| What does MOHO stand for? | Model of human occupation |
| What is the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)? | Best researched MOP, well supported + evidence based, View occupational performances in terms of volition, habituation, performance capacity, and environment- tasks one finds meaningful |
| What is the Canadian Model of Practice (CMOP)? | A MOP based on spirituality anything that motivates the person, emphasizes client-centered care |
| What does PEOP stand for? | Person Environment Occupation Performance |
| What is the Person Environment Occupation Performance MOP? | Person includes the physical, social, and psychological aspects |
| FOR- Developmental examples? | Milestones, Pegboards, Potty |
| FOR- Bio mechanical examples? | movement based, ROM, strengthening, endurance |
| FOR- Sensory Integration examples? | Response to environment, sounds/light, people, picking pegs out of rice bin, hot/cold, motion swing |
| FOR- Cognitive Behavioral examples? | used in mental health, self evaluate/reflect |
| FOR- Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT) examples? | hands on approach used to get body to move in a certain way, repetition of a certain movement either facilitated or inhibited. |
| What is a preparatory activity? | One that prepares one for the activity. Bio mechanical, strengthening, making sure they are strong enough. |
| What is a contrived activity? | "made up" simulates (scooping rice/beads to practice actually digging a hole for a garden) |
| What is a purposeful activity? | Actually doing the activity. (Planting the flower) |
| What is an occupational centered activity? | Actually doing the occupation. (Planting the garden) |
| What is Epistemology? | Nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge. How do why know things, how do we know what we know? |
| What is Axiology? | The study of values and what is considered right and just. |
| What is a reductionist approach? | Reducing down to individual parts. |
| What is a holistic approach? | The organic and functional relationship between the parts and the whole being. Biological, sociocultural, psychological, spiritual |
| Who was the first to suggest using the holistic approach in "Philosophy of OT"? | Adolf Meyer |
| What does it mean to be an "active being"? | People are actively involved in controlling and determining, their own behaviors and are capable of change. "Capable of change" |
| What is an Occupation? | Everyday life activity. Ordinary and familiar things people do everyday. |
| What is a "task"? | Simplest form of action. (reaching for a ball) |
| Which term does Kiehlhofner use? | Volition- Clients desires, motivation and values/interests |
| What is Humanism? What are the 7 core values? | Client is a person not an object. Core Values are altruism, equality, freedom, justice, dignity, truth and prudence |
| Define Altruism | Unselfish concern for welfare of others |
| Define Equality | Treating all individuals equally, impartial/fair, respecting individuals beliefs, values, and lifestyles in day-to-day interactions |
| Define Freedom | Individuals right to exercise choice. Demonstrate independence, initiative, and self-direction |
| Define Justice | Need for all practitioners to abide by the laws that govern the practice and to respect the legal rights of the client |
| Define Dignity | The uniqueness of each individual is emphasized |
| Define Truthfulness | Behavior that is accountable, honest, accurate, and maintains one's professional competence |
| Define Prudence | Ability to demonstrate sound judgement and care/discretion |
| What is culture? | Integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious and social group |
| What is any dimension of diversity, including: class, sexual orientation and ability? | Culture |
| What is Multi-culturalism? | A system that recognizes and respects the existence and presence of diverse groups of people within a society |
| What is Race? | Understood by most to be a mixture of physical, behavioral, and cultural attributes |
| What is Ethnicity? | Typically understood as something we acquire or self ascribe, based on factors like: where we live, or the cultures we share with others |
| What is Occupational Justice? | Belief that all persons are entitled to have access to participation in everyday occupations- advocating for access/opportunities for all |
| What is Cultural Competence? | The ability to be sensitive to other cultures/ balance between adherence to cultural norms and introduction to new frames of reference |
| Model of Cultural Competency 5 Major Constructs? | 1. Cultural Awareness 2. Cultural Knowledge 3. Cultural Skill 4. Cultural Encounters 5. Cultural Desire |
| What is Cultural Humility? | Lifelong learning approach to working with people with diverse cultural backgrounds and recognition of power dynamics in healthcare- knowing you are "smart but not all knowing" |
| What is an IPE? | Interprofessional Education Team Partnership. Helps students prepare for practice, learn about culture, experience global health issues |
| What are the 3 levels of performance? | 1. Entry 2. Intermediate 3. Advanced |
| What are the AOTA minimum requirements for Standards of Practice? | Professional standing and responsibility. Screening, evaluation, and Reevaluation (OT) Intervention (OT+OTA) Outcomes |
| What are the 4 types of supervision? | 1. Direct/Continuous 2. Close 3. Routine 4. General |
| Which supervision is onsite? | Direct |
| Which supervision is direct/ daily? | Close |
| Which supervision is every 2 weeks? | Routine |
| Which supervision is monthly? | General |
| What are the supervision considerations? | State requirements, Practice setting, Competency level, Experience, Education and Credentials, Complexity of clients needs, Number and diversity of clients |
| What is service competency? | Two people performing the same procedure and obtaining the same results. (in tests= interrater reliability) |
| What is a Multidisciplinary Heath Care Team? | Variety of disciplines working together in a common setting (not interactive) |
| What is a Transdisciplinary Heath Care Team? | Members of a team who cross over professional boundaries and share roles and functions |
| What is a Interdisciplinary Heath Care Team? | Each member maintains own professional roles while using a collaborative approach (interactive and centered on a common problem to solve) |
| What is a Interprofessional Heath Care Team? | The norm. Various disciplines meet and plan overall care of client's goals |
| What does NBCOT stand for? | National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy |
| What is a Developmental FOR? | Postulates that practice in a skill set will enhance brain development and help child progress through the stages |
| What is a Public Treatment Setting? | Operated by Fed/State/County, VA, Public Health, Indian Health, Correctional Facilities, Mental Health Centers, Medical Schools, County Hospitals/Clinics |
| What is a Private not-for-profit Treatment Setting? | Tax exempt, Balanced budget to provide services (typically charge a fee) Religious hospitals/clinics, private teaching hospitals, organizations such as Easter Seal Society + United Cerebral Palsy Association |
| What is a Private for-profit Treatment Setting? | All hospitals and skilled nursing, owned and operated by individuals/investors, wider range of services |
| What are the 3 levels of care? | 1. Acute 2. Subacute 3. Long-term |
| Acute Care? | Sudden, short term, hospital |
| Subacute Care? | Longer stay, rehab + OT major components. Client still needs care but not require specialized services. Shorter inpatient stays created a need for subacute care |
| Long-Term Care? | Chronic. Medically stable but has a chronic condition: developmental disabilities, history of mental illness, age-related disabilities, or injury resulting in a severe disability |
| What are the 3 spheres of practice? | 1. Biological 2. Psychological 3. Sociological |
| Settings with a Biological focus? | Hospitals, Rehab services, Clinics, outpatient, Home health agencies, worksites, skilled nursing facilities |
| Settings with a Social focus? | Schools, Day treatment centers, Workshops, Summer camps, Special Olympics, Hippotherapy centers |
| Settings with a Psychological focus? | Institutions, Group Therapy, Community mental health centers, Supervised living (halfway houses) |
| What is an All Inclusive Setting? | Long-term care that addresses all focuses. Such as a skilled nursing facility. |
| What are some Non Traditional Settings? | Correctional facilities, Industrial Settings, Hospice, Community Transition, Aquatherapy, Senior Centers, Homeless Shelters, Therapeutic Riding |
| Therapeutic Relationship | Interaction between client and practitioner. Different than friendship. OTP responsible for healing and rehab process |
| Therapeutic use of Self | "art of relating" awareness of one's self, how one communicates, represents one's self, and relates with others |
| What are the five universal stages of loss? (Kubler-Ross) | Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance |
| What does IRM stand for? | Intentional Relationship Model |
| What is the Intentional Relationship Model? | Systematically describes therapeutic use of self, includes 6 primary interpersonal modes/styles |
| What are the 6 interpersonal modes/styles in IRM? | 1. Advocating 2. Collaborating 3. Emphasizing 4. Encouraging 5. Instructing 6. Problem-solving |
| Therapeutic use of self (application) | Active listening, empathy, genuineness, immediacy, respect, self-disclosure, sensitivity, trust, warmth |
| Self Awareness | Knowing ones true nature |
| Ideal Self | Unrealistic, includes all intentions, feelings, and desires |
| Perfect Self | What one would be like free from the demands of mundane reality. only desirable qualities all wants and wishes fulfilled |
| Perceived Self | Aspect of self that others see without the benefit of knowing a persons intentions, motivations and limitations. (only defined by outward behavior) |
| Real Self | Blends internal and external worlds, intentions and action plus environmental awareness |
| How to develop trust/rapport? | Genuineness, Listening, Self-disclosure, Nonverbal communication, Consistency, Follow-through |
| How to develop empathy? | Putting yourself in someone else's shoes, experience, self-awareness, sensitivity with client, not pity |
| Communication | Key to gathering info and developing intervention plan. Plain language, body language, Non-verbal of practitioner and of the client |
| Active listening | No judgement, jumping in with advice or defensive replies, paraphrasing not parroting. |
| Communication-Restatement | The receiver repeats the words of the speaker as they are heard primary purpose is to encourage the speaker to continue talking |
| Communication-Reflection | A response. Purpose is to "express in the words and feelings and attitudes sensed behind the words of the sender" hearing the feelings not just the words |
| Communication-Clarification | Client's thoughts and feelings are summarized or simplified |
| What are the applications of Therapeutic use of Self? | Be aware of self, look for verbal and non verbal cues, understand client/what they need, involve client, use groups, change techniques as needed, reflect on sessions |
| What are groups used for? | Therapeutic, peer support, focus, consultation, supervision, task groups, group dynamics |
| AOTA | American Occupational Therapy Association 1977 Official AOTA Document "Occupational Code of Ethics" updated in 2020- describes central concepts that ground OT practice and build common understanding of the basic tenets and vision of the profession |
| ACOTE | Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education, part of AOTA, programs conforms to standards, accredits programs, supports holistic approach |
| Who do OTP's work with? | All ages, genders, all diagnosis (genetic, neurological, orthopedic, musculo-skeletal, immunological, cardiac dysfunctions, developmental, psychological, social, behavioral, emotional) |
| AOTA's Occupational Code of Ethics 6 principles? | 1. Beneficence 2. Nonmaleficence 3. A+C Autonomy/Confidentiality 4. Justice 5. Veracity 6. Fidelity |
| Beneficence? | Contribute to the good health and welfare of client. Treat client fairly and equitably, advocate for needed services, promote health and safety, charge reasonable fees |
| Nonmaleficence? | Do not inflict harm, no exploitation, identify and address problems with appropriate authority |
| Autonomy and Confidentiality? | Freedom to act, decide, collaborate to determine goals. Inform client of nature, risks, and outcomes of services. Informed consent, knowledgeable and voluntary agreement, client undergoes interventions that are in accord with values and preferences. |
| Justice? | Provide services in a fair and equitable manner to all. Advocate for clients. |
| Veracity? | Tell the truth. Disclose conflict of interest. |
| Fidelity? | Faithfulness, respect, fairness, integrity. Confidentiality among professional team members. Discourage any breach of code. |
| Clinical Reasoning/Therapeutic Reasoning? | Used throughout each step of the OT process. |
| What is the process of Therapeutic Reasoning? | Involves thinking and feeling (complex cognitive and affective skills) Decisions about evaluation + intervention, base of evidence-based practice, foundation skill |
| Elements of Therapeutic Reasoning? | Scientific (what could be done), Ethical (what should be done), Artistic (blending and choosing right/correct actions) |
| Therapeutic Reasoning Strategies (5) | Procedural, Interactive, Conditional, Narrative, Pragmatic |
| Procedural (Therapeutic Reasoning Strategies) | Similar to scientific element. Strategy used by OTP to focus on clients disease or disability and the most appropriate modalities to use to improve client's functional performance. Problem identification, goal setting, and treatment planning. |
| Interactive (Therapeutic Reasoning Strategies) | Used when OTP wants to understand the client as a person, takes place during face to face interactions |
| Conditional (Therapeutic Reasoning Strategies) | Involves consideration by the OTP of the clients condition as a whole including the disease or disability and what it means to the person, the physical context, how cond. may change/ depending on participation in treatment |
| Narrative (Therapeutic Reasoning Strategies) | Use of story telling, OTP tells "stories" to one another how future may be for client so they may guide the intervention |
| Pragmatic (Therapeutic Reasoning Strategies) | Takes in consideration factors in context of practice setting and his/her personal context may affect intervention, availabilities of resources, repertoire of therapeutic skills and personal motivation |
| Therapeutic Reasoning Skills (development in order?) | 1. Novice 2. Advanced beginner 3. Competent 4. Proficient 5. Expert |
| How to improve Therapeutic Reasoning Skills? | Chunking, supervision, coaching, role modeling, self-awareness, observation, setting personal goals, analyze case studies+current research |
| What are Morals? | Right and Wrong. Related to character and behavior. |
| How do Morals Develop? | Cultural, Values, Religious Beliefs, Society Influences |
| What is a law? | Binding custom or practice, enforced by controlling authority. Rule of conduct, formally recognized, est. by state or local legislature |
| What are Ethics? | Study and Philosophy of human conduct. Systematic reflection on and analysis of morals. Guide practice. |
| Service Management Functions? | Safe workplace, Supplies/equipment, scheduling, document/billing, research, supervising, public relations, quality assurance |
| How to ensure a safe environment? | Accreditation, Proper Storage (sharps,) Maintaining health standards, Emergency procedures |
| IEP stands for? | Individualized Educational Plan |
| SOAP note stands for? | Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan |
| What is the subjective portion of the SOAP note? | Statement from patient, family, non verbal |
| What is the objective portion of the SOAP note? | Actual thing that happened, the who/whats in the session, measurable data- reps/duration |
| What is the assessment portion of the SOAP note? | OTP's clinical interpretation/ judgement and expertise of how it is progressing |
| What is the plan portion of the SOAP note? | What the OTP is going to next session. Justification for services. |
| Progress Notes | Daily and Weekly |
| EHR stands for? | Electronic Health Records |
| What are 3 ways OTP's are reimbursed? | 1. Public (fed/state/local/medicare/medicaid/MCH/DOE/vocational rehab) 2. Private (Health Insurance/ Worker's comp/ disability insurance) 3. Other (Clubs/Org/Foundations) |
| Ethical Distress? | Situation challenges how a practitioner maintains integrity or integrity of the profession |
| Ethical Dilemma? | A situation in which 2 or more ethical principles collide making it difficult to determine best action |
| Locus of Authority? | Required decisions about who should be primary decision maker |
| 6 Steps to solve Ethical Problems? | 1. Gather Facts 2. Identify type of problem 3. Clarify Duties 4. Explore alternatives 5. Complete Action 6. Evaluate outcome |
| HIPPA stands for? | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability |
| IDEA stands for? | Individuals with Disabilities Education Act |
| ADA stands for? | Americans with Disabilities Act |
| What is the concept of Moral Treatment? | Philosophy that all people even the most challenged are entitled to consideration and human compassion (Benjamin Rush in US) |
| Who is considered the "Father of OT?" | Dr. William Rush Dunton Jr. Wrote the "Value of Occupation" 1915 wrote "OT a manual for nurses" |
| Who is considered the "Mother of OT?" | Eleanor Clarke Slagle, social worker, worked in state hospitals, organized first school, held offices in organization |
| What is an intervention modality? | Includes both the method of intervention and the medium. The steps the sequences and approaches used to activate the therapeutic effect of a medium and the methods. |
| What is intervention media? | The supplies and equipment used. ex: medium of cooking when working on meal management |
| What are Preparatory Methods? | Support client's acquisition of performance skills needed to resume his or her roles and daily occupations. |
| Sensory Input? | Goal is improved function. Stimulate muscle through vibration. (Does not require patient to be engaged in activity) |
| Therapeutic Exercise? | A modality from the Biomechanical FOR "scientific supervision of exercise" for the purpose of preventing muscular atrophy |
| PAM stands for? | Physical Agent Modalities |
| Physical Agent Modalities? | Most commonly used for arm and hand injuries use: light, sound, water, electricity, temp, mech. devices to promote change in function (cold packs, warm paraffin bath, TENs etc) |
| Orthotic Device? | Any apparatus used to support, align, prevent or correct deformities or improve function of moveable parts of the body (splints) static or dynamic |
| What is a purposeful activity? | An activity is purposeful if the individual is an active voluntary participant and if the activity is directed toward a goal. Simulates the actual occupation. |
| What is an inherent goal? | The end product of the activity. Client focuses on the outcome rather than the performance of individual components. |
| What is a therapeutic goal? | What the OTP hopes to achieve. ie: fine motor skills, improve self-esteem |
| Occupation Based Activity? | Natural context, actual activity, setting and tools are actual. (aim of OT services) |
| What is "Activity Analysis?" | Process by which the steps of an activity and its components are examined in detail to determine the demands on the client using FOR is one way to approach |
| How to go about an Activity Analysis? | Occupational Profile, performance skills, activity demands, client factors, contexts |
| What is Activity Synthesis? | AKA Clinical Reasoning. "Just right" challenge. Make activity easier or more difficult. Change activity so client may be successful. |
| Grading an activity explain | Changing the process, environment, tools and materials of the activity to increase or decrease the performance demands of the client. Used when the therapeutic goal is to restore or improve function and when OTP wants to challenge client. |
| Adapting an activity explain | Provide changes/modifications to environment, tools, use of assistive technology, modify environment, eliminate/add steps, training to do in an alternative way |
| Universal Precautions? | 1. wash hands before and after 2. wear gloves 3. full gowns, masks, eye protection 4.dispose of sharps in container 5. dispose of contaminated ppe in bio hazardous waste container |
| OTPF stands for? | Occupational Therapy Practice Framework |
| What is included in the Occupational Profile? | History of clients functioning, background info, Occupational Therapy Practice Framework |
| Occupational Therapy Practice Framework? | Who is the client, why is the client seeking services, what areas are successful/problematic? |
| What is the Evaluation Process? | Referral, Screening, Evaluation: Occupational Profile, Performance analysis, interview |
| Standardized tests? | Normative data, reliability/validity, carefully established protocol for administering, norms used to make comparisions |
| Non Standardized tests? | Have guidelines for administering and scoring but not established normative data |
| What is the Intervention Process? | Problem identification, Solution Development, Intervention Plan, Intervention Implementation |
| How does one Implement a plan? | Create/promote, Establish/restore, Maintain, Modify, Prevent |
| What is a purposeful activity? | Completing one full part of occupation |
| What does Model of Practice do? | Help Organize one's thoughts |
| What is a theory? | A set of interrelated assumptions, concepts, and definitions that presents a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables with purpose of explaining/ predicting the phenomena |
| What are concepts? | Ideas that represent something in the mind of the individual (ie: color blue, yellow) |
| What are principles? | Explain the relationship between two or more concepts (principle learned is that yellow and blue make green) |
| What are Frames of Reference used for? | Tools to guide ones intervention |
| How to decide on a FOR? | Population, Definition of function/disfunction, Setting, Evidence supporting FOR, Match client to FOR |
| Behavioral FOR | Ability to complete activities and engage socially without inappropriate behavior |
| Biomechanical FOR | ROM Used for strength and endurance, repetitive movements, increasing weight |
| Cognitive-Behavioral FOR | Help client identify their own goals and behaviors, self reflect |
| Developmental FOR | Identify highest level of motor, social and cognitive skills and facilitate improvements in function from that starting point "close the gap" |
| Motor Control FOR | Work on motor skills through activities in the natural environment, short sessions + frequent breaks |
| Neurodevelopmental FOR | Work on motor skills by inhibiting abnormal muscle tone and facilitating normal movement patterns |
Created by:
khoelzle87
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