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Exam 2 - Greek Terms
Ancient Greek terms for Exam 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| archaic | (ca. 700 or 600 – 480 BCE) - rigid style; development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body |
| classical | (480 - 323 BCE) - emphasized proportions. less rigidity; introduces contrapposto |
| hellenistic | (323 – 30 BCE) - 'hellas' meaning Greek; period is defined by expressive movement, realistic anatomy, and ornate details |
| kouros (pl. koroi) | free-standing sculptures of young, nude males. represented an idealized form of youth, often very stylized. |
| kore (pl. korai) | free-standing sculptures of young females. these sculptures are almost always clothed, as opposed to kouros |
| figurative sculpture | sculptures that depict a figure(s), usually humans |
| free-standing | a sculpture that is not attached to a wall |
| contrapposto | classical period; an asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with, while balancing, those of the hips and legs |
| ideal proportions | a created idea of attractiveness in classical Greece; using proportion to create "perfect" (typically male) bodies that represent idealized youth, athleticism, and/or beauty |
| idealism | the practice of forming or pursuing ideals, especially unrealistically |
| polychromy | practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc., in a variety of colors. in Greek art, almost all sculptures were fully painted in a variety of colors at the time of creation, which has since faded |
| encaustic | using hot wax to paint and add color to a surface |
| black figure | a type of Greek vase; created by applied a clay slip to the surface of a vase and firing it. the slip turns black during firing, creating black figures on a red vase. |
| red figure | a type of Greek vase; created by applying a clay slip around the areas the artist wishes to leave red. the slips turns black during firing, creating a black backdrop for the red figures. |
| terra cotta | a clay-based ceramic that is very porous. a common material used for Greek vases |
| slip | a clay slurry used to produce pottery and other ceramic wares. used to paint designs on Greek vases |
| Greek temple | buildings used to store deity statues; aesthetic qualities, such as columns, have had a lot of influence in modern architecture. viewed as high-brow and democratic |
| column | a support structure for many Greek structures that also served an aesthetic purpose. the main "body" of Greek orders |
| capital | a section of the order where the column reaches the architrave (ceiling). usually has the largest amount of stylization, allowing the viewer to categorize whether a column is Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian |
| cult figure | a figure, often a religious figure, who is admired by all and/or possesses great skill |
| frieze | a broad horizontal band of sculpted or painted decoration, especially on a wall near the ceiling |
| Death of Sarpedon | (c. 515 BCE) Red-figure decoration on a calyx krater, 18" image of Sarpedon being wounded in battle and bleeding to death. |
| New York Kouros | (c. 600 BCE) A statue of a standing nude youth that did not represent any one individual youth but the idea of youth. 6' tall, marble. |
| Polykleitos: Spear Bearer | (c. 450 - 440 BCE) Roman copy in marble after the original bronze sculpture (now lost). 6'11, marble. Represents ideas of 'perfection' in male bodies to show athleticism/strength, youth, and beauty. |
| Parthenon | (c. 447 – 432 BCE) Built as a temple in Acropolis and dedicated to the goddess Athena. |
| Parthenon Sculptures | (c. 447 - 438 BCE) Includes 'Dionysos, Demeter and Persephone, and Iris,' 'Hesta, Dione, and Aphrodite,' and 'Iris,' among other sculptures of deities. |
| Athena Parthenos | (c. mid-5th century) A forty foot tall, gold and ivory sculpture commemorating Athena. Lived inside of the Parthenon until it's destruction in the first millenium. |
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gwagoner
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