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3.1- Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power)
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Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3.1- Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power) | consolidating and legitimizing their power means “im in charge and ill show yo uwhy im in charge” |
| Qing | central and south east asia |
| Mughal | south and central asia |
| Ottoman | southern europe, middle east, north africa |
| Safavid | middle east |
| How to consolidate power? | centralizing a beuraccracy (group of people employed/ works for the gov who carries out the will of the empoerer) |
| Qing dynasties burracracy | reintroduced the civil service exam which allowed for anyone who wanted to work in the burracracy to take this test. This was a form of control because the Emporer and burracrat would both think the same things |
| Who established the Qing dynasty? | manchus |
| Ottomans established power through what? | The devshirme |
| What is the devshermei? | children that are used as a tax payment from southeastern euope (balknas), they are either a bureacrat (government worker) janisarie (military worker) soikders with guns |
| Safavid empire used control through…? | Trade routes, alliances, military expansion, and court rituals |
| How did the Aztecs consolidate and control? | tribute system was the conquored tribute staes owed the emporer goods everyday, this was a form of control where they could rule a diverse empire without being present |
| What is a burracracy good for? | collecting taxes from subjects |
| How did the Mughals collect taxes? | Zamindars went out into places in the empire based on land holding or production |
| How did the Ottomans collect taxes? | Tax farming was a group of people who went out to collected taxes, but, abused the system stating the taxt price was higher than it actually is |
| How did the Aztecs collect taxes? | The different tribute states were given different tribute lists for goods, food, services, and people for human sacrifice |
| Why are taxes helpful? | Helps with military complexes |
| What military tactic did land based empires rely on? | Gun powder based weapons |
| What was the Ottomans elite group of soilders called? | Janissaries |
| What was the Safavids elite group of soilders called? | Ghulam loyal to the Shal |
| What was the Aztecs elite group of soilders called? | Blood slaves that were enslaved people |
| How does an empire legitimize themselvs? | Religion, art, and monumental architecture |
| How does Islamic Emporers use religions to show that they are in charge? | They are considered a Calif which indicated they were sucessors of Muhammed |
| How does European Emporers use religions to show that they are in charge? | They are considered having a divine right which means that god picked him |
| Can religion be a unifying force to bring people together? | Yes |
| What is the Protestant Reformation? | Martin Luther was a Catholic monk that debunked the corrupt money systems within the Purgatory (waiting room to heaven) |
| What was the problem with the Ottoman and Safavid borders? | The ottoman empire was a muslim sunni and the safavid was the muslim shia |
| How was art used to portray power? | Art that is used for governers and officals show a superiority within the civilians living there |
| How was monumental archetecture portray power? | A message to other people of how much power they hold (Taj Mahal, Palace of Versailles |
| What are the social structures of Qing dynasty? | Monarchy , social heirarchy, strong central government, lead by ethnic group called Manchus |
| What are the political structures of the Qing dynasty? | An intergrated burreacracy where political power flowed from teh top down, monarch |
| How did the Qing dynasty affect interactions with humans and the enviornemt? | Integrated national economy, non-Chinese, imperial examinations to be a burrecrat |
| What are some cultural aspects of the Qing dynasty? | painting, sculpture, poetry, opera, and porcelain, monumental architecture, portraits, paintings. In society, the Manchu people were considered at the top of the social class |
| What are some economic aspects of the Qing dynasty? | Economy revolved around agriculture, first machine gun was created, |
| What are the social structures of the Mughal empire? | between that of a feudal system and a centralized system, pyramidal structure at the top of which existed the emperor, |
| What are the political structure of the Mughal empire? | Islamic government, rules a large Hindu population, Akbar is a grand ruler that has religious toleration because he is ruling of a very diverse empire, changes religion to unite, |
| How did the Mughal empire affect interactions with humans and the enviorment? | bringing almost the entire Indian subcontinent under one domain, and harvested wheat, rice, and barley, and non-food cash crops such as cotton, indigo and opium |
| What are some cultural aspects of the Mughal empire? | Mixed Persian culture into their art, litteratur, and architecture, (Haggia Sophia was turned into the Taj Mahal) |
| What are some economic aspects of the Mughal empire? | cotton textile trade, agriculture, rice, tobacco, and a thriving manufacutring industry |
| What are the social structure of the Ottoman Empire? | The Sultans ruled at the top; had powers to grant rewards to favored groups, such as soldiers. The middle class includes military, scholars, and bureaucratic groups. Within the military, the Janissaries gained power and tried to overthrow the Sultans |
| What are the political structures of the Ottoman Empire? | Men of the pen (scholars, men of the sword (Warriors), men of the negotiation (merchants), men of the husbandry (farmers and artisans) |
| How did the Ottoman Empire affect interactions with humans and the enviorment? | advances in medicine, mining and military technology, took over the Byzantine empire and relocated the capital from Istanbul to Constantinople, (Governemnt) |
| What are some cultural aspects of the Ottoman Empire? | calligraphy, painting, poetry, textiles and carpet weaving, ceramics and music. Ottoman architecture also helped define the culture of the time. Elaborate mosques |
| What are some economic aspects of the Ottoman Empire? | Took control of some the the worlds best trade routes, art, science, and medicine advancements |
| What are the social structure of the Safavid empire? | pyramid with the Shah at the very top of the pyramid, Bureaucracy and landed class were the middle classes. The Common people were the lowest class which consisted of farmers and herders |
| What is the political structure of the Safavid empire? | Theocracy, centralized government, absolute monarchy, religious |
| How did the Safavid Empire affect interactions with humans and the enviorment? | Strong follower of the Shia community, conflict with the ottomans becuase they shared a border and the ottomans were Sunni, |
| What are some cultural aspects of the Safavid empire? | cultural blending from the mix of Europeans, Chinese, and Persians. Cultural Blending is caused by migration, religious freedom, trade, and conquest. Products of these four aspects of cultural blending can be military, art, and religion related. |
| What are some economic aspects of the Safavid empire? | A major export of the Safavid Empire was its raw silk, Persian carpets, and silk textiles. The popular trading borders were between Arabia and India. became rich on the growing trade between Europe and the Islamic civilisations of central Asia and India |
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